Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC40310.15690/vramn.v69i7-8.1105PHYSIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФИЗИОЛОГИИINTERSTITIAL PACEMAKER CELLSИНТЕРСТИЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПЕЙСМЕЙКЕРНЫЕ КЛЕТКИNizyaevaN. V.НизяеваН. В.
Russian Federation

MD, senior research scientist of the 2nd Pathology Department of V.I. Kulakov RI for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник 2-го патологоанатомического отделения НЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова

niziaeva@gmail.comMareiM. V.МарейМ. В.
Russian Federation

junior research scientist at the Laboratory of Mitochondrial Medicine of V.I. Kulakov RI for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории митохондриальной медицины НЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова

mashamarei@mail.ruSukhikhG. T.СухихГ. Т.
Russian Federation

academician of RAMN, director of V.I. Kulakov RI for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

академик РАМН, директор НЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова

secretariat@oparina4.ruShchegolevA. I.ЩёголевА. И.
Russian Federation

PhD, professor, Head of the 2nd Pathology Department of V.I. Kulakov RI for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель 2-го патологоанатомического отделения НЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова

ashegolev@oparina4.ruV.I. Kulakov Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, MoscowНаучный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова, Москва02102014697-8Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук172407082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/403

This article is devoted to interstitial Cajal cells (syn. telocytes, interstitial pacemaker cells, IPC). First those cells were discovered by C.R Cajal in the muscle coat of the gut in 1893. Nowadays they have revealed in all parts of digestive systems (from esophagus to rectum), urinary and biliary tracts, prostate, liver, the walls of arteries and lymphatics, as well Fallopian tube, myometrium, mammary glands. Characteristic ultrastructural features are elongated spindle shape, length from 40 to 100 μm, the thickness of 0.2–0.5 μm, the presence of 2–5 processes. Length of them ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, some of them have secondary and tertiary branching, forming a three-dimensional network. IPC having spontaneous electrical (pacemaker) activity are cause to contraction of smooth muscle cells. Depending on the location of IPC have different morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. Characteristic immunohistochemical markers are CD117, CD34, S100, vimentin. IPC replay to acetylcholine, norepinephrine, estrogen, progesterone, and nitric oxide by influence of corresponding receptors. IPC have specific gap junctions with lymphocytes, basophiles, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells. Grave pathology of those cells are forming gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Представлены данные литературы об интерстициальных клетках Кахаля (син. телоциты, интерстициальные пейсмейкерные клетки, ИПК). Впервые эти клетки были описаны C.Р. Кахалем в мышечном слое стенки кишки в 1893 г. В настоящее время они обнаружены во всех отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта от нижней трети пищевода до прямой кишки, а также в мочевых и желчных путях, предстательной железе, печени, стенках артерий и лимфатических сосудов, фаллопиевых трубах, миометрии, молочной железе. Их характерными ультраструктурными признаками являются вытянутая веретеновидная форма, длина от 40 до 100 μм, толщина 0,2–0,5 μм, наличие 2–5 отростков. Длина отростков колеблется от нескольких десятков до сотни μм, часть из них имеет вторичное и третичное ветвление, образуя трехмерную сеть. За счет спонтанной электрической (пейсмейкерной) активности ИПК обусловливают сокращение гладкомышечных клеток. В зависимости от локализации ИПК имеют различные морфологические и ультраструктурные характеристики. Характерными иммуногистохимическими маркерами являются CD117, CD34, S100, виментин. Посредством влияния на соответствующие рецепторы ИПК отвечают на воздействия ацетилхолина, норадреналина, эстрогена, прогестерона, оксида азота. ИПК также взаимодействуют с лимфоцитами, базофилами, эозинофилами, нейтрофилами, тучными и дендритными клетками. Грозной патологией этих клеток является развитие т.н. гастроинтестинальных стромальных опухолей.

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