Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC38710.15690/vramn.v69i9-10.1130MICROBIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ МИКРОБИОЛОГИИACINETOBACTER: MICROBIOLOGICAL, PATHOGENETIC AND RESISTANT PROPERTIESACINETOBACTER: МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И РЕЗИСТЕНТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВАChebotar'I. V.ЧеботарьИ. В.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии Научного центра здоровья детей Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 134-53-87

nizarnn@yandex.ruLazarevaA. V.ЛазареваА. В.
Russian Federation

кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией микробиологии Научного центра здоровья детей Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 134-53-87

annalaz71@mail.ruMasalovYa. K.МасаловЯ. К.
Russian Federation

аспирант лаборатории биологических микрочипов ФГБУН «ИМБ им. В.А. Эн- гельгардта» РАН Адрес: 119991, Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 32, тел.: +7 (499) 135-98-46

ykmasalov@gmail.comMikhailovichV. M.МихайловичВ. М.
Russian Federation

доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биологи- ческих микрочипов ФГБУН «ИМБ им. В.А. Энгельгардта» РАН Адрес: 119991, Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 32, тел.: +7 (499) 135-11-77

mvm@biochip.ruMayanskiiN. A.МаянскийН. А.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторным отделом Научного центра здоровья детей Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 134-02-18

mayansky@nczd.ruScientific Centre of Children Health, Moscow, Russian FederationНаучный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская ФедерацияEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russian FederationИнститут молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН, Москва, Российская Федерация20102014699-10Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук395007082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/387

Species of the genus Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance. In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe physiology, taxonomy, ecology, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Molecular pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial infections are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance as well as identification of Acinetobacter. In addition, treatment and prophylaxis of acinetobacterial infections are discussed.

Представители рода Acinetobacter вошли в число наиболее актуальных возбудителей в клинике оппортунистических инфекций. Статья содержит анализ литературных данных, посвященных медицинскому значению ацинетобактерий. Изложена история их изучения и описаны современные взгляды на таксономию. Обобщены сведения об экологических и эпидемиологических характеристиках Acinetobacter. Подробно проанализированы молекулярные основы патогенности и механизмы регуляции вирулентности ацинетобактерий. При описании развития различных вариантов патологии, связанной с ацинетобактериями, подчеркивается, что Acinetobacter является условным патогеном, вызывающим инфекционный процесс только у иммунокомпрометированных пациентов. Наиболее часто развитие ацинетобактериальных инфекций человека связано с видом Acinetobacter baumannii. Как правило, ацинетобактериальные инфекции протекают по типу гнойно-воспалительного процесса, тяжелые клинические случаи связаны с менингитами и сепсисом. В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы (в т.ч. спорные), касающиеся антибиотикорезистентности Acinetobacter. Особое внимание уделено способам клинико-лабораторной диагностики и тестирования выделенных штаммов на чувствительность к антибиотикам. Описаны лечебно-профилактические подходы к борьбе с ацинетобактериальной инфекцией.

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