Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC28410.15690/vramn.v67i7.336NEUROLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ НЕВРОЛОГИИMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRAL TOLERANCE TO ISCHEMIA (REVIEW. PART 2)МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ. ЧАСТЬ 2)ShlyakhtoE. V.ШляхтоЕ. В.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАМН, директор ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздравсоцразвития России, заведу- ющий кафедрой факультетской терапии СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова Адрес: 197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2 Тел.: (812) 702-37-00

Shlyakhto@inbox.ruBarantsevichE. R.БаранцевичЕ. Р.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии и ману- альной медицины ФПО СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова, заведующий НИО ангионеврологии ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздравсоцразвития России Адрес: 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 6/8 Тел/факс: (812) 233-45-26

profossrerb@yandex.ruShcherbakN. S.ЩербакН. С.
Russian Federation

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории неот- ложной кардиологии Института сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нанотехнологий ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздравсоцразвития России Адрес: 197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2 Тел.: (812) 702-37-00

shcherbakns@yandex.ruGalagudzaM. M.ГалагудзаМ. М.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, руководитель Института экспериментальной медицины ФГБУ «Федеральный центр сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздравсоцразвития России, профессор кафедры патофизиологии СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова Адрес: 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 6/8

galagoudza@mail.ruSaint-Petersburg State Medical Pavlov’s University, Saint-Petersburg Saint-Petersburg, Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology CentreИнститут экспериментальной медицины Федерального центра сердца, крови и эндокринологии им. В.А. Алмазова Минздравсоцразвития России, Санкт-Петербург Институт сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И.П. Павлова, Санкт-Петербург10072012677Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук202907082015Copyright ©; 2012, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2012, Издательство "Педиатръ"2012"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/284

In the 2nd part the authors describe in details the main aspects of protective effect of preconditioning of the brain: inhibition of programmed cell death, weakening of phenomenon of excitotoxicity, activation of endogenous antioxidant systems, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of glial cell function, changes in regional blood flow and vascular reactivity. In addition, data analysis on the impact of preconditioning on brain neurogenesis, the state of the blood-brain barrier, ion homeostasis and metabolism of neurons is presented. Review emphasizes the role of microRNAs in mechanisms of ischemic tolerance of brain. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of increased tolerance of brain to ischemic and reperfusion injury requires the implementation of this phenomenon in clinical practice.

Во второй части обзора подробно описаны основные аспекты защитного действия прекондиционирования головного мозга: подавление программируемой клеточной гибели, ослабление феномена эксайтотоксичности, активация эндогенных антиоксидантных систем, противовоспалительный эффект, модуляция функции глиальных клеток, изменения регионарного кровотока и сосудистой реактивности. Кроме того, проанализированы сведения о влиянии прекондиционирования головного мозга на нейрогенез, состояние гемато-энцефалического барьера, метаболизм и ионный гомеостаз нейронов. В обзоре уделено внимание роли микроРНК в механизмах ишемической толерантности головного мозга. Более глубокое понимание молекулярных механизмов повышения устойчивости головного мозга к ишемическому и реперфузионному повреждению способствует приложению данного феномена в клинической практике.

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