Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC26710.15690/vramn.v67i9.406PROCEEDINGS OF THE RAMS SESSIONМАТЕРИАЛЫ СЕССИИ РАМНGENOMIC INSTABILITY IN THE BRAIN: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND NEW BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSНЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ ГЕНОМА ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА: ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ И НОВЫЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙTiganovA. S.ТигановА. С.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАМН, директор ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 Тел.: (499) 617-8147

ncpz@ncpz.ruYurovYu. B.ЮровЮ. Б.
Russian Federation

профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией цитогенетики и гено- мики психических заболеваний ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

y_yurov@yahoo.comVorsanovaS. G.ВорсановаС. Г.
Russian Federation

профессор, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной цитогенетики нервно- психических болезней ФБГУ «Московский НИИ педиатрии и детской хирургии» Минздравсоцразвития России Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

svorsanova@mail.ruYurovI.Y Yu.ЮровИ. Ю.
Russian Federation

доктор биологических наук, исполняющий обязанности заведующего лабораторией молеку- лярной генетики мозга ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

ivan.iourov@gmail.ruResearch Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, MoscowНаучный центр психического здоровья РАМН, МоскваResearch Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgey, MoscowНаучный центр психического здоровья РАМН, Москва Московский НИИ педиатрии и детской хирургии10092012679Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук455307082015Copyright ©; 2012, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2012, Издательство "Педиатръ"2012"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267

The latest advances in molecular medicine, medical genetics and neurobiology have provided for a new look at processes occurring in cells of the brain and have allowed to discover previously unknown phenomena associated with mental traits and to propose new biomedical direction which include genomics, psychiatry and neurobiology ― brain genomics. The application of modern molecular and cellular technologies of genome analysis in the brain in common psychiatric disorders (autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease) has shown that genomic instability is a phathogenetic mechanism of central nervous system abnormalities and plays a role in the brain development. Genomic disbalance alters neural homeostasis leads to cell death and is an important biological marker of psychiatric disorders which determine genomic pathways. These alterations lead to synaptic disfunction and neurodegeneration. In the present review, the main advances of brain genomics and potential application in diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic practice.

Последние достижения в области молекулярной медицины, медицинской генетики и нейробиологии позволили по-новому оценить процессы, происходящие в клетках головного мозга, а также обнаружить ранее не известные феномены, связанные с различными особенностями психики человека, и создать новое направление, возникшее на стыке геномики, психиатрии и нейробиологии, ― геномику мозга. Использование современных молекулярных и клеточных технологий анализа генома в клетках головного мозга при широко распространенных и социально значимых психических заболеваниях (аутизм, шизофрения и болезнь Альцгеймера) показали, что геномная нестабильность представляет собой патогенетический механизм нарушения центральной нервной системы, а также играет роль в развитии головного мозга человека. Генный (геномный) дисбаланс не только нарушает гомеостаз нервной клетки, приводя к ее гибели, но и является значимым биологическим маркером психических заболеваний, позволяющим определять геномные сети, изменения в которых приводят к дисфункции синапсов или нейродегенерации. В настоящем обзоре представлены основные достижения геномики мозга и возможные пути их использования в диагностической, клинической и терапевтической практике.

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