Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC229110.15690/vramn2291INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙReview ArticleThe History of the Global Spread of the Causative Agent of Anthrax Based on the Whole Genome Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus anthracisИстория глобального распространения возбудителя сибирской язвы на основе полногеномного филогенетического анализа Bacillus anthracishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-72588535-6930OnishchenkoGennadii G.ОнищенкоГеннадий Григорьевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

onishchenko@raop.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-39495030-2635KulichenkoAlexandr N.КуличенкоАлександр Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

kulichenko_an@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-11853966-6884EremenkoEvgenii I.ЕременкоЕвгений Иванович
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

ejer@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-67907749-6935PisarenkoSergey V.ПисаренкоСергей Владимирович
Russian Federation

PhD in Chemical Sciences

к.х.н.

pisarenko_sv@mail.ruThe Russian Academy of EducationРоссийская академия образованияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)Stavropol Plague Control Research InstituteСтавропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт25122022040220237763913972411202209122022Copyright ©; 2023, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2023, Издательство "Педиатръ"2023"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2291

The review presents current data on the history of distribution, phylogeography, population structure, features of the evolution of the causative agent of anthrax. The results of foreign publications and our own original materials on the territorial distribution of genetic lines of Bacillus anthracis, the genetic relationship of variants isolated in Russia and abroad, the ways of distribution of variants of the pathogen in Russia and neighboring countries summarized. Based on the limited possibilities of spreading anthrax infection with sick animals and the high stability of pathogen spores in the environment, the leading role of human activity in the spread of B. anthracis shown. The probable ways of spread of the pathogen over long distances described, determined by the historical migration of people, the routes of conquerors, trade routes and the import of livestock products. The spread of the causative agent of anthrax on the territory of the Russian Federation began with Eastern Siberia and through the south of Siberia reached the European part of the Russian Federation, including the North Caucasus.

В обзоре представлены современные данные об истории распространения, филогеографии, популяционной структуре, особенностях эволюции возбудителя сибирской язвы. Обобщены результаты зарубежных публикаций и собственные оригинальные материалы о территориальном распределении генетических линий Bacillus anthracis, генетическом родстве вариантов, выделенных в России и за рубежом, путях распространения вариантов возбудителя на территории Российской Федерации и сопредельных стран. Исходя из ограниченных возможностей распространения сибиреязвенной инфекции с больными животными и высокой стабильности спор возбудителя в окружающей среде, показана ведущая роль деятельности человека в распространении B. anthracis. Описаны вероятные пути распространения патогена на дальние расстояния, определяемые исторической миграцией людей, маршрутами завоевателей, торговыми путями и ввозом продуктов животноводства. Распространение возбудителя сибирской язвы на территории России началось с Восточной Сибири и через юг Сибири достигло европейской части Российской Федерации, включая Северный Кавказ.

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