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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2107</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn2107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Omics technologies in screening for kidney disease in children with congenital uropathy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Омиксные технологии в скрининге повреждения почек у детей с врожденными уропатиями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-3302</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3189-1112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukharina</surname><given-names>Aygul B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухарина</surname><given-names>Айгуль Булатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ay15@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-2123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedulkina</surname><given-names>Anastasia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федулкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>n.fedulkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6370</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9281-4273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Karmina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Кармина Насимджоновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>negmatova.karmina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-8265</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6035-3748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pento</surname><given-names>Andrei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пенто</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Physical and Mathematical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н.</p></bio><email>pentan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-4522</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7725-2499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltseva</surname><given-names>Larisa D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцева</surname><given-names>Лариса Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>lamapost@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0779-1135</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3438-9329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simanovsky</surname><given-names>Yaroslav O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симановский</surname><given-names>Ярослав Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н.</p></bio><email>yaroslav@kapella.gpi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-4355</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9359-0557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>Sergei M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Physical and Mathematical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н.</p></bio><email>15925@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-1319</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55805379800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">R-9125-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1567-4113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>morozova_ol@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>361</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-12-28"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2107">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2107</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background: </italic></bold>Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital uropathy (CU) in children, leading to the development of reflux nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, reaching the terminal stage in 25-60% of patients. The insufficient sensitivity of modern methods of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of the initial stages of renal parenchyma damage dictates the need to develop new non-invasive technologies for screening and monitoring kidney conditions in patients with CU.</p> <p><bold><italic>Aims:</italic></bold> To evaluate the possibility of separating groups of healthy children and children with kidney damage with CU using the analysis of the mass spectra of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine samples.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods: </italic></bold>This study involved 42 patients (average age 5.4 + 2.3 years), divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 24 children with congenital uropathies (grade II-V PMR) and comparison group 2 - 18 patients with minor surgical pathology without pathology of the urinary system. Urine samples were collected before the start of treatment. Composition analysis of VOCs samples was carried out through express-analysis method for biological objects at atmospheric pressure without preliminary preparation using a mass spectrometer with ionization by laser plasma radiation. Urinary levels of markers of inflammation (MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18), angiogenesis (VEGF) and fibrosis (TGF-β1) were measured by solid-phase ELISA.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results: </italic></bold>Composition changes in urine VOCs were detected in group 1 patients with congenital uropathies (VUR). These changes made it possible to distinguish group 1 samples from the comparison group 2. Creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in both groups had no statistical difference. An increase in concentration of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-18, IL-8, VEGF angiogenesis and TGF-β1 fibrosis was observed in the urine of children with congenital uropathies (VUR) (p&lt;0.001). In group 1 patients the concentration of markers did not correlate with the reflux level.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusions: </italic></bold>The performed research allowed to find a set of peaks in the recorded mass spectra, according to which it is possible to divide groups into healthy and sick. It also demonstrated the potential of volatolom analysis to detect kidney damage in children with congenital uropathies. The use of standard methods: creatinine and GFR did not allow us to find a threshold value to divide patient into healthy and sick groups. The increase of biomarkers of inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis in the urine of children with congenital uropathies confirmed the presence of persistent kidney damage, parenchymal hypoxia, activation of fibrosis and inflammation in children with CU kidneys.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>Первичный пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс (ПМР)–наиболее распространенная врожденная уропатия (ВУ) у детей, приводящая к развитию рефлюкс-нефропатии и хронической болезни почек, достигающей терминальной стадии у 25-60% пациентов. Недостаточная чувствительность существующих методов инструментальной и лабораторной диагностики начальных этапов повреждения почечной паренхимы диктует необходимость разработки новых неинвазивных технологий скрининга и мониторинга состояния почек у пациентов с ВУ.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>оценить возможность разделения групп здоровых детей и детей с повреждением почек при ВУ на основе анализа масс-спектров летучих органических соединений (ЛОС, волатолом) образцов мочи, зарегистрированных без пробоподготовки при нормальных условиях.</p> <p><bold><italic>Методы</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>Проведено исследование образцов мочи 42 пациентов (средний возраст 5,4+2,3 года), разделённых на 2 группы: 1 группа – 24 ребенка с ВУ (ПМР II-V степени), 2 группа сравнения - 18 пациентов с малой хирургической патологией без патологии мочевыделительной системы. Сбор мочи осуществлялся до начала лечения. Анализ состава ЛОС образцов проводился методом экспресс-анализа биологических объектов при атмосферном давлении без предварительной подготовки с помощью масс-спектрометра с ионизацией ЛОС излучением лазерной плазмы. Мочевые уровни маркёров воспаления (MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18), ангиогенеза (VEGF) и фиброза (TGF-β1) измерялись методом твердофазного ИФА.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>У пациентов 1 группы с ВУ (ПМР) при анализе масс-спектров были выявлены изменения состава ЛОС мочи, которые позволили отличить эти образцы от 2 группы сравнения. Уровень креатинина и скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) в обеих группах не имели статистических отличий. В моче детей с ВУ (ПМР) наблюдалось повышение концентрации маркеров воспаления MCP-1, IL-18, IL-8, ангиогенеза VEGF и фиброза TGF- β1 (р&lt;0,001). У пациентов 1 группы с ВУ (ПМР) концентрация маркеров не зависела от степени рефлюкса.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>Проведенное исследование показало, что в регистрируемых масс-спектрах существует набор пиков, по которым возможно разделение групп здоровые – больные, и продемонстрировало потенциал масс-спектрометрического анализа волатолома для обнаружения повреждения почек у детей с ВУ. Использование стандартных анализов креатинина и СКФ не позволило найти пороговое значение, которое позволяло разделить группы больные - здоровые. Повышение в моче детей с ВУ биомаркеров воспаления, ангиогенеза и фиброза подтверждало наличие персистирующего повреждения почек, гипоксии паренхимы, активации фиброза и воспаления в ней у детей с ВУ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>volatile organic compounds</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>kidney damage</kwd><kwd>congenital uropathy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>летучие органические соединения</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>врождённая уропатия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование было поддержано грантом Министерства науки и образования России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Education of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>№ 075-15-2020-912</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Morris AP, Le TH, Wu H, et al. 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