Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC207610.15690/vramn2076CELL TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND TISSUE ENGINEERING: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КЛЕТОЧНОЙ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ И ТКАНЕВОЙ ИНЖЕНЕРИИReview ArticleComposition and Possibility of Application in Practical Medicine of Exosom/Extracellular Vesicles from Multipotent Stromal CellsСостав и возможность применения в практической медицине экзосом/экстрацеллюлярных везикул мультипотентных стромальных клетокhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-50848626-5394MaiborodinIgor V.МайбородинИгорь Валентинович
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Chief Researcher

д.м.н., профессор, г.н.с.

imai@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-859XMaslovRoman V.МасловРоман Владимирович
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

pathol@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-3650RyaguzovMaxim E.РягузовМаксим Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

pathol@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-63738492-6291MaiborodinaVitalina I.МайбородинаВиталина Игоревна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

д.м.н.

mai_@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-413X6133-1780VoevodaMikhail I.ВоеводаМихаил Иванович
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

д.м.н., профессор

director@frcftm.ruFederal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational MedicineФедеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медициныInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental MedicineИнститут химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины281220227753363442104202203112022Copyright ©; 2022, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2022, Издательство "Педиатръ"2022"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2076

The therapeutic effect of multipotent stem cells (MSCs) is largely mediated by the secretion of exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EMSCs), which reflect the biophysical characteristics of MSC-producers and are considered more effective. The use of EMSCs can help overcome practical and ethical issues that limit cell therapy. The importance of EMSCs is also recognized because of their ability to transfer various proteins, DNA and RNA to target cells and change the behavior of them and neighboring cells. EMSCs contribute to cellular processes such as transcription, proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation. EMSCs are involved in the induction of angiogenesis, inhibition of fibrosis, stimulation of extracellular matrix remodeling, abolition of the local inflammatory response, and also in the regulation of immune cell activity. A deeper understanding of the content of EMSC and its dynamics may affect the study and treatment of various diseases. However, EMSCs, even obtained from MSCs of the same origin and cultivated under the same conditions, can differ significantly in their components and, accordingly, in efficiency. Modification, including genetic modification, of the initial cellular elements is of certain importance for purposeful and, therefore, predictable changes in the content of EMSCs, but this approach also does not solve the problem of sufficient standardization of their components. Perhaps more promising is the artificial creation of exosome-like structures with a predetermined composition and, as a result, an accurate and predictable effect.

Терапевтический эффект мультипотентных стволовых/стромальных клеток (МСК) в значительной степени опосредован секрецией экзосом/экстраклеточных везикул (ЭМСК), которые отражают биофизические особенности МСК-продуцентов и считаются более эффективными. Применение ЭМСК может помочь в преодолении практических и этических проблем, ограничивающих клеточную терапию. Важность ЭМСК признана также из-за их способности переносить различные белки, ДНК и РНК к клеткам-мишеням и изменять поведение их и соседних клеток. ЭМСК вносят вклад в клеточные процессы, такие как транскрипция, пролиферация, адгезия, миграция и дифференцировка, участвуют в индукции ангиогенеза, ингибировании фиброза, стимуляции ремоделирования внеклеточного матрикса, отмене местного воспалительного ответа, а также в регуляции активности иммунных клеток. Более глубокое понимание содержания различных компонентов в ЭМСК и их динамики в различных условиях может повлиять на изучение и лечение различных заболеваний. Однако ЭМСК, даже полученные из МСК одного происхождения и культивированных в одних и тех же условиях, могут значительно различаться по своим компонентам и, соответственно, эффективности. Определенное значение имеет модификация, в том числе генетическая, исходных клеточных элементов для целенаправленного и, значит, предсказуемого изменения содержимого ЭМСК, но этот подход также не решает проблему достаточной стандартизации их компонентов. Возможно, что более перспективно искусственное создание экзосомоподобных структур с заранее определенным составом и вследствие этого точным и предсказуемым эффектом.

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