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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">197</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn.v68i4.612</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT MESSAGES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRECONDITIONING</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПРЕКОНДИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Head of the Laboratory Bioenergetics and Thermoregulation, Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of Russian Federation. Address: 199034, St. Petersburg, Makarova naberezhnaya, 6; tel.: (812) 293-76-80</p></bio><email>kpivanov@nc2490.spb.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</issue-title><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/197">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/197</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Adaptation of the brain and myocardium to ischemia by short shutdowns of the regional circulation (preconditioning) is an interesting and important subject. Nowadays it is discussed with animation in the scientific literature. However this problem is very complicated and contains a lot of contradictions. We tried to examine these contradictions and to find the reasons for this phenomenon.</italic></p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Адаптация мозга и миокарда к ишемии путем кратких выключений регионального кровообращения (прекондиционирования) — интересная и важная тема, которая в настоящее время активно обсуждается в научной литературе. Однако эта проблема очень сложна и содержит в себе много противоречий. В данной статье мы попытались проанализировать противоречия и установить причины этого феномена.</italic></p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemia</kwd><kwd>adaptation to ischemia</kwd><kwd>collateral circulation</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемия</kwd><kwd>адаптация к ишемии</kwd><kwd>коллатеральное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>некроз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I. Ishemiya golovnogo mozga [Cerebral Ischemia]. Moscow, Meditsina, 2001. 400 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Glassier S.S., O’Rourke D., Graham D.I. Induction of ischemic tolerance in rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow &amp; Metabol. 1994; 60: 545–553.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3.	Kirino T., Tsuita Y., Namura A. 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