Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC18610.15690/vramn.v68i5.663SHORT MESSAGESКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯNEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES FROM SEAWEEDНЕЙРОПРОТЕКТИВНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ СУЛЬФАТИРОВАННЫХ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ ИЗ МОРСКИХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙBesednovaN. N.БеседноваН. Н.
Russian Federation

RAMS academician, Senior Research Worker, Immunilogy Laboratory, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-24-46

besednoff_lev@mail.ruSomovaL. M.СомоваЛ. М.
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Senior Research Worker, Laboratory of Pathomorphology and Electron Microscopy, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-14-38

l_somova@mail.ruGulyaevS. A.ГуляевС. А.
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pacific State Medical University Address: 690002, Vladivostok, Ostryakov av., 2

s.gulaeva1941@yandex.ruZaporozhetsT. S.ЗапорожецТ. С.
Russian Federation

PhD, Deputy Director for Science, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-24-34

niiem_vl@mail.ruScientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Siberian Branch of RAMS, Vladivostok, Russian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии СО РАМН, Владивосток, Российская ФедерацияPacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian FederationТихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет, Владивосток, Российская Федерация14052013685Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук525907082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/186

Currently, neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) occupy a significant place in the structure of disease of the elderly, which dictates the need to find new and effective treatment and prevention of this pathology. At the heart of NDD development is a violation of the metabolism and the conformational change of cellular proteins with subsequent accumulation and aggregation of their in certain groups of neurons. The immediate cause of the death of the affected neurons in NDD is initiated by intracellular proteins apoptosis, during which a large number of neurotransmitter glutamate is released. The consequence of an imbalance in the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters are related the memory impairment, motor coordination and cognitive abilities of human. Based on the analysis of the extensive literature domestic and predominantly foreign authors of the last decade the modern data on the effect of sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) of algae in vivo and in vitro in degenerative processes of the nervous system. Found that due to its multi-point impact, SPS have on the body antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-toxic effects. Consequently, SPS can arrest a number of secondary pathological effects observed in neurodegenerative diseases (oxidative stress, inflammation, the phenomenon of increased neuronal apoptosis, toxic effects etc.). Varieties of pathogenic mechanisms underlying NDD makes possible the combined use of neuroprotective compounds acting sequentially in different stages of a pathological process. Accumulated a lot of experimental evidence to assume that the SPS may be the basis for the creation of next-generation drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

В настоящее время нейродегенеративные заболевания (НДЗ) занимают значительное место в структуре заболеваемости лиц пожилого возраста, что диктует необходимость поиска новых эффективных средств лечения и профилактики этой патологии. В основе развития НДЗ лежит нарушение метаболизма и изменение конформации клеточных белков с последующим накоплением и агрегацией их в определенных группах нейронов. Непосредственной причиной гибели пораженных нейронов при НДЗ является инициированный внутриклеточными белками апоптоз, в ходе которого освобождается большое количество медиатора глутамата. Следствием дисбаланса в синтезе и выделении соответствующих нейромедиаторов являются нарушения памяти, координации движений и мыслительных способностей человека. На основании анализа обширной литературы отечественных и преимущественно зарубежных авторов последнего десятилетия представлены современные данные о действии сульфатированных полисахаридов (СПС) из морских водорослей in vivo и in vitro при дегенеративных процессах нервной системы. Установлено, что благодаря своему многоточечному воздействию, СПС оказывают на организм антиоксидантное, противовоспалительное, антиапоптотическое, антигиперлипидемическое, антитоксическое действие. Вследствие этого СПС могут купировать ряд вторичных патологических эффектов, наблюдаемых при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях (окислительный стресс, воспалительный процесс, явление повышенного апоптоза нейронов, токсические эффекты и пр.). Многообразие патогенетических механизмов, лежащих в основе НДЗ, обусловливает возможность сочетанного применения нейропротективных соединений, действующих последовательно на разных этапах патологического процесса. Накоплено достаточно много экспериментальных данных, позволяющих считать, что СПС могут быть основой для создания лекарственных препаратов нового поколения для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

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