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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18196</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18196</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Step-up strategy for the treatment of infected pseudocysts and infected walled-off necrosis: a prospective observational study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пошаговая стратегия лечения инфицированных псевдокист и инфицированного отграниченного панкреонекроза: проспективное наблюдательное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-030X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5808-9047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>Igor G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>Игорь Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>igornoskov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-4565</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6760-3354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherdantsev</surname><given-names>Dmitrij V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черданцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>gs7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4507-1525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3602-4191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Takhtobin</surname><given-names>Evgenij G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тахтобин</surname><given-names>Евгений Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>teg294@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyatlov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дятлов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gnsurdger@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhegalov</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жегалов</surname><given-names>Павел Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>poul24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4322-3385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shindyakin</surname><given-names>Dmitrij V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиндякин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shindyakin.d@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8962-0041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майорова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maiorova_nastasia00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4199-7609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyavskaya</surname><given-names>Kseniya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявская</surname><given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ksushagrant@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Краевая клиническая больница, Красноярск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-03-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18196">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18196</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Infected pseudocysts and infected walled-off necrosis (WON) are severe complications of acute pancreatitis associated with high mortality rates (up to 35%) following open surgery. The use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) enables minimally invasive endoscopic drainage; however, data on the dynamics of laboratory inflammatory markers and cavity regression during staged endoscopic debridement remain insufficient.</p> <p><bold>Aims </bold>— to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transmural drainage using LAMS followed by staged endoscopic debridement and necrosectomy in patients with infected pseudocysts and infected walled-off necrosis.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>A prospective observational single-center study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2025. A total of 43 patients with infected pseudocysts or infected walled-off necrosis were enrolled. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage with a 10-mm LAMS, followed by staged debridement for infected pseudocysts and staged necrosectomy for infected walled-off necrosis. The primary outcomes were the dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and cavity volume. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Median CRP decreased from 132.7 (53.1; 190.2) mg/L at admission to 43.6 (14.8; 76.1) at discharge (p &lt; 0.001). Cavity volume decreased from 344.8 (88.9; 830.2) to 11.2 (5.3; 16.4) cm³ (p &lt; 0.001), representing a regression of 94.2%. A total of 30 adverse events were recorded, with hyperthermia being the most common (20 cases, 66.7% of all complications). Life-threatening complications (cyst perforation, erosive bleeding) required laparotomy in 5 patients (11.6%). Mortality was 2.3%. In patients with ineffective endoscopic treatment, the initial cavity volume exceeded 1000 mL and sequestrum size exceeded 5 cm.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Endoscopic transmural drainage with LAMS and staged debridement effectively controls inflammation and achieves almost complete cavity regression in patients with infected pseudocysts and infected walled-off necrosis. In cases with cavity volume &gt; 1000 mL and large sequestra (&gt; 5 cm), combined drainage techniques (percutaneous drainage, video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement) should be considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Инфицированные псевдокисты (ИПК) и инфицированный отграниченный панкреонекроз (ИОПН) являются тяжелыми осложнениями острого панкреатита в стадии секвестрации, ассоциированными с высокой летальностью (до 35%) при открытых операциях. Применение саморасправляющихся металлических стентов (Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent, LAMS) позволяет выполнять малоинвазивное эндоскопическое дренирование, однако данные о динамике лабораторных маркеров воспаления и регрессии полости в процессе этапных санаций остаются недостаточными.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— оценить эффективность и безопасность трансмурального дренирования стентами LAMS с последующими этапными эндоскопическими санациями и некрсеквестрэктомией у пациентов с ИПК и ИОПН.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено проспективное наблюдательное одноцентровое исследование (январь 2019 — март 2025 г.). Включено 43 пациента с инфицированными псевдокистами или инфицированным отграниченным панкреонекрозом. Всем пациентам выполнены эндоскопическое трансмуральное дренирование под контролем эндосонографии с установкой стента LAMS диаметром 10 мм и последующие этапные санации при ИПК и этапные некрсеквестрэктомии при ИОПН. Основные исходы — динамика уровня С-реактивного белка и объема полости. Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием критерия Уилкоксона.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана С-реактивного белка снизилась со 132,7 (53,1; 190,2) мг/л при поступлении до 43,6 (14,8; 76,1) при выписке (p &lt; 0,001). Объем полости уменьшился с 344,8 (88,9; 830,2) до 11,2 (5,3; 16,4) см³ (p &lt; 0,001), регрессия составила 94,2%. Зарегистрировано 30 нежелательных явлений, наиболее частым была гипертермия (20 случаев; 66,7% общего числа осложнений). Жизнеугрожающие осложнения (перфорация кисты, аррозивное кровотечение) потребовали лапаротомии у 5 пациентов (11,6%). Летальность составила 2,3%. У пациентов с неэффективным эндоскопическим лечением исходный объем полости превышал 1000 мл, а размер секвестров — 5 см.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Эндоскопическое трансмуральное дренирование стентами LAMS с этапными санациями позволяет достичь значимого купирования воспаления и практически полной регрессии полости у пациентов с инфицированными псевдокистами и отграниченным панкреонекрозом. При объеме полости &gt; 1000 мл и крупных секвестрах (&gt; 5 см) целесообразно рассмотрение комбинированных методов дренирования (перкутанное дренирование, VARD).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>acute necrotizing</kwd><kwd>pseudocyst</kwd><kwd>endoscopic drainage</kwd><kwd>stents</kwd><kwd>debridement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый панкреатит</kwd><kwd>отграниченный панкреонекроз</kwd><kwd>псевдокиста</kwd><kwd>эндоскопическое дренирование</kwd><kwd>саморасправляющийся металлический стент</kwd><kwd>этапные санации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Valentin C, Le Cosquer G, Tuyeras G, et al. Step-up approach for the treatment of infected necrotising pancreatitis: real life data from a single-centre experience with long-term follow-up. 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