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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18170</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18170</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of polymorphic markers Arg753Gln in the <italic>TLR2</italic> Gene, T-1237C and G2848A in the <italic>TLR9</italic> Gene with the risk of developing primary adrenal insufficiency in individuals living in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация полиморфных маркеров Arg753Gln в гене <italic>TLR2</italic>, T-1237C и G2848A в гене <italic>TLR9</italic> с риском развития первичной надпочечниковой недостаточности у лиц, проживающих в Московском регионе Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-1473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9721-4839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meremianina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меремьянина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,<bold> </bold>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>ekaterina@meremianina.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-8702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8821-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>troshina.ekaterina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-8300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4963-8340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>Marina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>Yukina.Marina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-3336</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7373-2602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuralieva</surname><given-names>Nurana F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуралиева</surname><given-names>Нурана Фейзуллаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nuralieva.nurana@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-1846</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7169-6807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhnaya</surname><given-names>Natalia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжная</surname><given-names>Наталия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nat_kalyuzhnaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0515</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1763-8942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>Natalya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>Наталья Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.<bold> </bold></p></bio><email>and960911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-5940</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8940-6505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasskazova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассказова</surname><given-names>Надежда Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neonovita@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-9866</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1854-0958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Diakov</surname><given-names>Ilia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяков</surname><given-names>Илья Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>dyakov.ilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8802-5569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>Oksana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>Оксана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>svitichoa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии имени академика И.И. Дедова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18170">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18170</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is an endocrine disorder caused by the gradual destruction of all three layers of the adrenal cortex and characterized by insufficient secretion of cortisol and aldosterone. This condition significantly reduces patients’ quality of life, making its timely diagnosis crucial. Autoimmune disorders are the etiological factor in approximately 80% of PAI cases, making the search for predictive markers in innate immune genes one of the most promising areas for predicting the odds of developing PAI. <bold>Aims </bold>— to study the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR2 and TLR9 genes and the development of PAI. <bold>Methods.</bold> The study included 222 individuals: 72 patients with PAI and 150 controls. For the study, DNA was isolated from venous blood and subsequently analyzed using real-time PCR with fluorescently labeled probes. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Fisher’s exact test (Fi), the χ<sup>2</sup> test, the χ<sup>2</sup> test with Yates’ correction, calculation of the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. <bold>Results.</bold> The study revealed that the A allele (p &lt; 0.001) and the heterozygous genotype (p &lt; 0.001) of the rs5743708 polymorphism in the TLR2 gene were associated with the risk of developing PAI. Conversely, the homozygous genotype GG (p &lt; 0.001) reduced the odds of the pathology development by 11-fold. Analysis of the rs352140 single nucleotide polymorphism in the TLR9 gene also demonstrated an association between the A allele (p = 0.030) and the homozygous AA genotype (p = 0.0171) with the odds of developing PAI. <bold>Conclusions. </bold>Based on the data obtained in this and our previous study, a scheme was proposed that includes four polymorphic markers to predict the odds of developing 1-HH.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Первичная надпочечниковая недостаточность (1-НН) — это эндокринное заболевание, вызванное постепенным разрушением всех трех слоев коры надпочечников и характеризующееся недостаточной секрецией кортизола и альдостерона. Данная патология сильно снижает качество жизни пациентов, вследствие чего крайне актуально своевременно диагностировать это заболевание.<bold> </bold>Примерно в 80% случаев 1-НН этиологическим фактором являются аутоиммунные нарушения, поэтому поиск предиктивных маркеров в генах врожденного иммунитета — одно из наиболее перспективных направлений для прогнозирования шансов возникновения 1-НН.<bold> Цель исследования </bold>— изучение взаимосвязей однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов в генах TLR2 и TLR9 с развитием 1-НН. <bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование было включено 222 человека: 72 пациента с 1-НН и 150 человек контрольной группы. Для выполнения исследования из венозной крови была выделена ДНК, которая впоследствии исследовалась методом ПЦР-РВ c флуоресцентно-мечеными зондами. Статистическая обработка результатов была выполнена с применением точного критерия Фишера (Fi), критерия χ<sup>2</sup>, критерия χ<sup>2</sup> с поправкой Йейтса, расчетом отношения шансов и 95%-го доверительного интервала. <bold>Результаты.</bold> В ходе проведенного исследования выявлено, что аллель А (p &lt; 0,001) и гетерозиготный генотип (p &lt; 0,001) полиморфного маркера rs5743708 в гене TLR2 ассоциированы с риском развития 1-НН. Гомозиготный генотип GG (p &lt; 0,001), напротив, снижал шанс развития патологии в 11 раз. Также анализ<bold> </bold>однонуклеотидного полиморфизма rs352140 в гене TLR9 продемонстрировал ассоциацию аллеля А (p = 0,030) и гомозиготного генотипа АА (p = 0,0171) с шансом развития 1-НН. <bold>Заключение. </bold>На основе полученных данных в этом и предыдущем нашем исследовании была предложена схема, включающая четыре полиморфных маркера для прогнозирования шанса развития 1-НН.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary adrenal insufficiency</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphisms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная надпочечниковая недостаточность</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>толл-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>полиморфные маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>17-75-30035</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted under Agreement No. 17-75-30035 with the Russian Science Foundation dated August 28, 2017, for the provision of a grant for the implementation of the project "Autoimmune endocrinopathies with multiple organ damage: genomic, postgenomic, and metabolomic markers. Genetic risk prediction, monitoring, early predictors, personalized correction, and rehabilitation" from 2017 to 2020.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Соглашения с Российским научным фондом № 17-75-30035 от 28 августа 2017 г. о предоставлении гранта на реализацию в 2017–2020 гг. проекта «Аутоиммунные эндокринопатии с полиорганными поражениями: геномные, постгеномные и метаболомные маркеры. Генетическое прогнозирование рисков, мониторинг, ранние предикторы, персонализированная коррекция и реабилитация».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Xiong T, Wang R, Zhou J, et al. Case Report: Adrenal tuberculosis causing primary adrenal insufficiency: diagnosis by ultrasound-guided biopsy. 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