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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18111</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ И ФАРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The possibilities of improving the clinical use of direct oral anticoagulants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности совершенствования клинического применения прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-1346</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4167-1496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Ольга Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Pharmacology, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.фарм.н., доцент</p></bio><email>ov-zhukova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8887-4420</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5232-8230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimanovsky</surname><given-names>Nikolay L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимановский</surname><given-names>Николай Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>shimann@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-4570</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5940-7554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beregovykh</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Береговых</surname><given-names>Валерий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>beregovykh@ramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-13"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-17"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18111">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18111</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>More than 40 million people worldwide suffer from atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is often combined with chronic heart failure (CHF). All patients with atrial fibrillation and CHF, regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction, are prescribed anticoagulants. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) apixaban and rivaroxaban are widely used in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, to date, there is very little data comparing these two drugs.</p> <p><bold>Aims </bold>— сomparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety profile of DOACs (apixaban and ravaroxaban) in patients based on real clinical practice data.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> The study materials were based on the results of the analysis of commercial data on the use of DOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban) from the depersonalized Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database for the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. The primary efficacy indicator was a comprehensive indicator of ischemic stroke. The primary safety indicator was a comprehensive indicator of gastrointestinal bleeding. Information on adverse reactions was obtained from a specialized website VigiAccess (http://www.vigiaccess.org). As an analytical tool, attribute statistics methods were used to determine the risk of developing a particular condition against the background of using the analyzed drug relative to the comparison drug.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> During the analysis of two compared drugs (rivaroxaban versus apixaban), the following values of statistical parameters were obtained: AR — 0.3% (95% CI: 0.08–0.52%); OR — 1.61 (95% CI: 0.43–2.80); PAR — 0.15% (95% CI: 0.03–0.34%). The use of rivaroxaban increases the likelihood of developing ischemic stroke compared to the use of apixaban by 0.15% in the entire population. According to the electronic resource VigiAccess, 174,234 reports of adverse events were identified for apixaban (as of 16.07.2025), and 177,285 similar reports for rivaroxaban as of the same date. Circulatory disorders were noted in the total number of reports in 7% of cases for apixaban, and in 9% for rivaroxaban. Apixaban and rivaroxaban are substrates of both CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Coadministration with CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors increases plasma concentrations of DOACs and increases the risk of bleeding. Coadministration with CYP3A4 and P-gp inducers decreases plasma concentrations of DOACs and increases the risk of thrombosis and thromboembolic events.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Apixaban and rivaroxaban demonstrate similar efficacy in relation to the primary goal — prevention of stroke and thrombosis. The safety and efficacy of therapy with OPA is determined by optimizing the choice of drug and its dose, taking into account possible drug interactions, and dose adjustment in case of liver and kidney dysfunction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Фибрилляцией предсердий в мире страдают более 30 млн человек. Фибрилляция предсердий часто сочетается с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Всем пациентам с фибрилляцией предсердий и хронической сердечной недостаточностью независимо от фракции выброса левого желудочка показано назначение антикоагулянтов. Прямые пероральные антикоагулянты (ПОАК) апиксабан и ривароксабан широко применяются у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. Однако на сегодняшний день очень мало данных, сравнивающих эти два препарата, в том числе при множественных лекарственных взаимодействиях.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — сравнительная оценка клинической эффективности и профиля безопасности ПОАК (апиксабана и равароксабана) у пациентов по данным реальной клинической практики.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В качестве материалов исследования использовали результаты анализа коммерческих данных применения ПОАК (апиксабана, ривароксабана) из деперсонифицированной базы данных Optum Clinformatics Data Mart за период с 1 января 2013 по 31 декабря 2020 г. Первичным показателем эффективности был комплексный показатель ишемического инсульта. В качестве первичного показателя безопасности выступал комплексный показатель желудочно-кишечного кровотечения. Информацию о нежелательных явлениях получали на специализированном сайте VigiAccess (http://www.vigiaccess.org). В качестве аналитического инструмента использованы методики атрибутивной статистики для определения риска развития того или иного состояния на фоне использования анализируемого лекарственного средства (ЛС) относительного ЛС сравнения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В ходе анализа двух сравниваемых ЛС (ривароксабана относительно апиксабана) были получено следующие значения статистических показателей: атрибутивный риск — 0,3% (95%-й ДИ: 0,08–0,52%); относительный риск — 1,61 (95%-й ДИ: 0,43–2,80); популяционный атрибутивный риск — 0,15% (95%-й ДИ: 0,03–0,34%). По данным электронного ресурса VigiAccess для апиксабана выявлено 174 234 сообщения о нежелательных явлениях по состоянию на 16 июля 2025 г., а для ривароксабана — 177 285 аналогичных сообщений на ту же дату. Нарушения кровообращения отмечались в общем количестве сообщений в 7% случаев для апиксабана и в 9% — для ривароксабана. Апиксабан и ривароксабан являются субстратом как изофермента CYP3A4, так и P-гликопротеина (P-gp). Одновременное применение с ингибиторами CYP3A4 и P-gp увеличивает концентрацию ПОАК в плазме крови и повышает риск возникновения кровотечений. Одновременное применение с индукторами CYP3A4 и P-gp снижает концентрацию ПОАК в плазме и повышает риск развития тромбозов и тромбоэмболических событий.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Апиксабан и ривароксабан демонстрируют схожую эффективность в отношении первичной цели — профилактики инсульта и тромбозов. Повышение безопасности и эффективности терапии с помощью ПОАК определяется оптимизацией выбора ЛС и его дозы, учетом возможных лекарственных взаимодействий, коррекцией дозы при нарушении функции печени и почек.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>clinical efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety profile</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>rivaroxaban</kwd><kwd>drug interactions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>клиническая эффективность</kwd><kwd>профиль безопасности</kwd><kwd>прямые пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>ривароксабан</kwd><kwd>межлекарственное взаимодействие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-75-30012</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-75-30012</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 23-75-30012</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Cervellin G. 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