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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18106</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Russian assessment methodology for estimating avoidable mortality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская методика по оценке предотвратимой смертности населения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-1403</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1373-0903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobyakova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобякова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>kobyakovaos@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-4278</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7223-9834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubov</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубов</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>starodubov@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1645-5524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>avdeev_s_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-8406</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7961-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boytsov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>prof.boytsov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-4810</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2730-0004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Иван Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kafedra-rgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-4168</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4437-9626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>spb@gpmu.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1759-8101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>Andrey D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>Андрей Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>mnioi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5624-3875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrysheva</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокрышева</surname><given-names>Наталья Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, 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Сократович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>ronc@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-9293</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2336-4545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chulanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуланов</surname><given-names>Владимир Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>chulanov_v_p_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-0762</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2865-9817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamalov</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамалов</surname><given-names>Николай Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>shamalov@fccps.cl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0980</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6679-7621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyakhto</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхто</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., академик РАН</p></bio><email>e.shlyakhto@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-4121</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2926-9305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shport</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпорт</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>info@serbsky.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7737-0781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marychev</surname><given-names>Gleb A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марычев</surname><given-names>Глеб Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>marychevga@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-6846</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6341-3247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shibalkov</surname><given-names>Ivan P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шибалков</surname><given-names>Иван Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., доцент</p></bio><email>shibalkovip@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1469-4588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lognenko</surname><given-names>Mariia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логненко</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>lognenkomm@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-9054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7071-1095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomatnikov</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломатников</surname><given-names>Иван Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>solomatnikovia@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии имени академика Е.И. Чазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology Named after Academician I.I. Dedov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии имени академика И.И. Дедова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере здравоохранения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff11"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff12"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russiа</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff13"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff14"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff15"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff16"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>298</fpage><lpage>311</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18106">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18106</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the Russian methodology for assessing avoidable mortality. Based on the analysis of existing scientific data and approaches of other countries to the definition of preventable mortality, the criteria of preventable mortality, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian health care system, are proposed. The criteria were developed jointly with leading federal experts in the field of health care, including chief non-staff specialists of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The upper age limit of avoidable mortality was defined and set at 78 years, which corresponds to the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The methodology includes 147 items for various causes of death and provides for the division of avoidable mortality into preventable and treatable mortality, specifying the proportions for 17 groups of causes of death. The concept of avoidable mortality is presented as a way of assessing the quality and objective capabilities of the health care system. Therefore, the methodology can be used as a tool for assessing the quality of medical care, an indicator of the effectiveness of preventive measures and a marker of progress in achieving the national goal of improving public health. The introduction of the methodology will make it possible to identify priority areas of prevention, assess the effectiveness of treatment and diagnostic measures, monitor the dynamics of avoidable mortality and form targeted programmes to reduce mortality, as well as to identify realistic reserves for reducing mortality by reducing avoidable mortality. In particular, it seems necessary to study avoidable mortality in the regional context, which will make it possible to assess not only the national reserves of mortality reduction, but also individual reserves for each region. At the same time, the analysis of regional differences in avoidable mortality will help to better understand the factors of interregional differences in mortality in general.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлена российская методика по оценке предотвратимой смертности. На основе анализа существующих научных данных и подходов других стран к определению этого понятия предложены критерии предотвратимой смертности, учитывающие особенности российской системы здравоохранения. Критерии разрабатывались совместно с ведущими федеральными экспертами в сфере здравоохранения, в том числе с главными внештатными специалистами Минздрава России. Дано определение и установлена верхняя возрастная граница предотвратимой смертности в 78 лет, соответствующая национальным целям развития Российской Федерации. Методика, включающая 147 позиций по различным причинам смерти, предусматривает разделение предотвратимой смертности на профилактируемую и излечимую с указанием пропорций для 17 групп причин смерти. Концепция предотвратимой смертности представляется как способ оценки качества и объективных возможностей системы здравоохранения. Поэтому методика может использоваться как инструмент оценки качества медицинской помощи, индикатор эффективности профилактических мероприятий и маркер прогресса в достижении национальной цели по укреплению здоровья населения. Внедрение методики позволит выявлять приоритетные направления профилактики, оценивать эффективность лечебно-диагностических мероприятий, мониторировать динамику предотвратимой смертности и формировать целевые программы по снижению смертности, а также выявлять реалистичные резервы снижения смертности за счет снижения именно предотвратимой смертности. Также представляется необходимым изучение предотвратимой смертности в региональном разрезе, что даст возможность оценить не только общероссийские резервы снижения смертности, но и индивидуальные для каждого региона. При этом анализ различий регионов по уровню предотвратимой смертности поможет лучше понять факторы межрегиональных различий в смертности вообще.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>avoidable mortality</kwd><kwd>assessment methodology</kwd><kwd>health care system</kwd><kwd>preventive measures</kwd><kwd>life expectancy</kwd><kwd>medical care</kwd><kwd>epidemiological transition</kwd><kwd>Russian regions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предотвратимая смертность</kwd><kwd>методика оценки</kwd><kwd>система здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>профилактические мероприятия</kwd><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический переход</kwd><kwd>регионы России</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Указ Президента РФ от 7 мая 2024 г. «О национальных целях развития Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года и на перспективу до 2036 года». 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