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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risks and limitations of using artificial intelligence in medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риски и ограничения применения искусственного интеллекта в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-4570</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5940-7554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beregovykh</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Береговых</surname><given-names>Валерий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>beregovykh@ramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-1267</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4095-8670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>Владимир Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н. </p></bio><email>vpantel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8887-4420</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5232-8230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimanovsky</surname><given-names>Nikolay L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимановский</surname><given-names>Николай Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>shimann@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-0385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roitberg</surname><given-names>Pavel G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ройтберг</surname><given-names>Павел Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н.</p></bio><email>roitbergpg@rea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</issue-title><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-10"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18075">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The scientific, technical, ethical, and legal aspects of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in modern medicine, as well as its impact on medical professionals and patients, are examined. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific publications dedicated to the use of AI in medicine. Systematization of the available data allows identifying key limitations faced by developers of medical AI systems and their users. These issues are related to the quality and completeness of the data on which machine learning models are built, the limited clinical context, challenges in knowledge generalization, and system interoperability. Ethical challenges include concerns about privacy, algorithmic bias, and the distribution of responsibility. Additionally, there are issues regarding the regulatory framework for AI in healthcare and the training of medical professionals in computer technologies. Overcoming these limitations requires improving data quality, developing multimodal systems, increasing algorithm transparency, and refining the regulatory framework.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрены научные, технические, этические и правовые аспекты проблемы применения искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в современной медицине, а также его влияние на медицинских специалистов и пациентов. Методология исследования основана на анализе научных публикаций, посвященных применению ИИ в медицине. Систематизация имеющихся данных позволяет выявить ключевые ограничения, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики медицинских ИИ-систем и их потребители. Данные проблемы связаны с качеством и полнотой данных, на которых создаются модели машинного обучения, ограниченностью клинического контекста, сложностями с обобщением знаний и интероперабельностью систем. Этические вызовы включают вопросы конфиденциальности, алгоритмической предвзятости и распределения ответственности. Также существуют проблемы нормативно-правового регулирования ИИ в здравоохранении и обучения врачей компьютерным технологиям. Для преодоления этих ограничений требуется улучшение качества данных, развитие многомодальных систем, повышение прозрачности алгоритмов и совершенствование нормативно-правовой базы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd><kwd>medicine</kwd><kwd>pharmacology</kwd><kwd>clinical decision support system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>медицина</kwd><kwd>фармакология</kwd><kwd>система поддержки принятия врачебных решений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-75-30012</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Указ Президента РФ от 10.10.2019 № 490 «О развитии искусственного интеллекта в Российской Федерации». 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