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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18070</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ АКУШЕРСТВА И ГИНЕКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanisms of formation of various stages of external genital endometriosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы формирования различных стадий наружного генитального эндометриоза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-6405</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4975-1350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krukier</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крукиер</surname><given-names>Ирина Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>biochem@rniiap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-2578</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6945-4464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriants</surname><given-names>Armen A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьянц</surname><given-names>Армен Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>mr.vanhelsink@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-5007</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9495-9702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avrutskaya</surname><given-names>Valeria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авруцкая</surname><given-names>Валерия Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>v.avrutskaya@rniiap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-7148</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2964-0480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levkovich</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левкович</surname><given-names>Марина Аркадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>xlma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-3436</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1130-1167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолова</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>n.ermolova@rniiap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-986X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9938-5822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisyan</surname><given-names>Oleg G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисян</surname><given-names>Олег Грачикович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>biochem@rniiap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-9093</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6693-3430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikashina</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никашина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>laigash@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18070">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18070</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>External genital endometriosis (EGE) is a complex, systemic clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of endometrioid tissue outside the uterine cavity and associated with chronic pain, menstrual irregularities, and negative impact on reproductive health and quality of life in women. Understanding these mechanisms of influence will improve fertility prognosis and minimize the risks associated with pregnancy, helping to reduce the incidence of its complications.</p> <p><bold>Aims</bold> — to study the concentration of vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1) production, collagen content (COL1) and collagenase activity (MMP-1) of various stages of EGE.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> 137 women were examined, divided into 2 groups — the main and the control. The main group (47 patients with EGE) was divided into 2 subgroups: the first consisted of 25 patients with stage I–II EGE, the second included 22 patients with stage III–IV EGE. The control group consisted of 90 patients with no history of endometriosis. The production of vascular adhesion protein VAP-1, collagen and collagenase activity were determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA kits, USA. The studies were conducted using samples of blood serum and peritoneal fluid.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> As a result of the discriminant and correlation analysis in all studied biofluids, significant correlation relationships were found between the production of collagen and VAP-1 especially for subgroup 1 (stage I–II endometriosis) (<italic>r</italic> = –0.90; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Based on the data obtained, we proposed a method for early diagnosis of small forms of endometriosis, which made it possible to diagnose NGE in patients who did not have clinical manifestations of this process based on the content of VAP-1 in the blood serum of women of reproductive age (priority certificate No. 2024134973 (077609) dated November 21, 2024 was received).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Наружный генитальный эндометриоз (НГЭ) — сложный, системный клинический синдром, характеризующийся наличием эндометриоидной ткани за пределами полости матки и ассоциирующийся с хронической болью, нарушениями менструального цикла и негативным влиянием на репродуктивное здоровье и качество жизни женщин. Понимание этих механизмов влияния позволит улучшить прогноз фертильности и минимизировать риски, связанные с беременностью, способствуя снижению частоты ее осложнений.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить концентрацию белка сосудистой адгезии (VAP-1), содержание коллагена (COL1) и активности коллагеназы (MMP-1) при различных стадиях НГЭ.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Обследовано 137 женщин, распределенных на две группы — основную и контрольную. Основная группа (47 пациенток с НГЭ) была разделена на две подгруппы: первую составили 25 пациенток с I–II стадией НГЭ, во вторую вошли 22 пациентки с III–IV стадией НГЭ. Контрольная группа — 90 пациенток с отсутствием эндометриоза в анамнезе. Продукцию белка сосудистой адгезии VAP-1,<bold> </bold>коллагена и активность коллагеназы определяли методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа, используя наборы ELISA (США). Проводились исследования сыворотки крови и перитонеальной жидкости.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проведенный дискриминантный и корреляционный анализ во всех изученных биожидкостях позволил выявить значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи между продукцией коллагена и VAP-1, особенно это касается сыворотки крови в подгруппе 1 (I–II стадия эдометриоза) (<italic>r</italic> = –0,90; <italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На основании полученных данных нами предложен способ ранней диагностики малых форм эндометриоза, позволивший по содержанию VAP-1 в сыворотке крови женщин репродуктивного возраста поставить диагноз НГЭ пациенткам, у которых не было клинических проявлений данного процесса (получена приоритетная справка № 2024134973 (077609) от 21.11.2024).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>external genital endometriosis</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>collagenase</kwd><kwd>vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наружный генитальный эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>коллагеназа</kwd><kwd>белок сосудистой адгезии (VAP-1)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>66.5</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor HS, Kotlyar AM, Flores VA. 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