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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18039</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reducing Implant-Associated Complications in Scoliosis Surgery by Using O-Arm Navigation and Additive Technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Снижение имплант-ассоциированных осложнений в хирургии сколиоза путем применения O-arm-навигации и аддитивных технологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5274-3941</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6085-7940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimbursky</surname><given-names>Ivan P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пимбурский</surname><given-names>Иван Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>bdfyltvbljd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9014-3068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1367-3096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domrachev</surname><given-names>Ivan E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домрачев</surname><given-names>Иван Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>VaniaD97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-3105</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7738-5108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelpachenko</surname><given-names>Oleg B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челпаченко</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>chelpachenko81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4252-1854</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1989-6994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесов</surname><given-names>Сергей Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>dr-kolesov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-6011</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8712-1738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherdev</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жердев</surname><given-names>Константин Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>drzherdev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6966-1040</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4890-8742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyk</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцык</surname><given-names>Сергей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>macadamia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-8218</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9703-4935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butenko</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>butenko.as@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-0172</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4944-4173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazmin</surname><given-names>Arcady I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казьмин</surname><given-names>Аркадий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>kazmin.cito@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Н.Н. Приорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18039">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18039</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><bold>. </bold>Posterior spinal fusion with multisegmental fixation with pedicle screws is the method of choice in the treatment of patients with severe scoliosis. Malposition of pedicle screws, as a cause of implant-associated complications when using the free-hand technique of their implantation, occurs with a frequency of 1.5 to 50.0%. High risks of implant-associated complications require the widespread implementation of technologies for their prevention, including O-arm navigation and additive technologies. <bold>Aims</bold> — to compare the accuracy and safety of surgical correction of scoliosis using the free-hand technique, O-arm navigation and additive technologies to reduce the risk of implant-associated complications. <bold>Methods</bold><bold>.</bold> A total of 72 patients operated on for scoliotic deformity were included in the study. Group I included 25 patients (447 screws) operated on using the free-hand technique of transpedicular screw implantation, group II included 25 patients (528 screws) operated on using O-arm navigation, and group III included 22 patients (430 screws) operated on using additive technologies based on 3D printing. A comparative analysis of the frequency and distribution of malpositions was carried out in the groups, as well as a search for relationships between various radiographic parameters. <bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> In the free-hand group, the average angle of deformation before surgery was 78.48 ± 18.28, the total frequency of malpositions was 16.6%, including: grade 1 — 2.01%, grade 2 — 6.94%, grade 3 — 7.6%. In the O-arm group, the angle of deformation was 90.84 ± 30.16, a total of malpositions was 4.92%, including: grade 1 — 1.52%, grade 2 — 2.84%, grade 3 — 0.57%. In the 3D printing group, the average angle was 95.36 ± 20.93, a total of malpositions was 6.28%, including: grade 1 — 3.72%, grade 2 — 2.33%, grade 3 — 0.23%. When assessing the relationship between the rotation of the apical vertebra and the Cobb angle of deformation on the frequency of malpositions in the free-hand group, a high degree of direct relationship was found (p &lt; 0.05). No correlation was found between the frequency of malpositions and rotations of the apical vertebra and the Cobb angle of deformation in the O-arm group. In the 3D group, a moderate correlation was observed (p &lt; 0.05). In the free-hand group, 1 neurological complication was noted, in the O-arm and 3D groups, no complications were noted. <bold>Conclusions</bold><bold>. </bold>The use of free-hand — the technique of installing pedicle screws in surgical correction of spinal deformities is relatively safe. However, an increase in the severity of spinal deformity is associated with a high risk of implant-associated complications in severe spinal deformities. The use of O-arm navigation and additive technologies significantly reduces the risk of implant-associated complications, which increases the effectiveness and safety of surgical correction of severe forms of scoliosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Задний спондилодез с полисегментарной фиксацией транспедикулярными винтами является методом выбора в лечении пациентов с тяжелым сколиозом. Мальпозиции транспедикулярных винтов как причина имплант-ассоциированных осложнений при использовании техники их имплантации free-hand встречается с частотой от 1,5 до 50,0%. Высокие риски имплант-ассоциированных осложнений требуеют широкого внедрения технологий их профилактики, в числе которых — O-arm-навигация и аддитивные технологии. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — сравнить точность и безопасность хирургической коррекции сколиоза с использованием free-hand-техники, O-arm-навигации и аддитивных технологий для снижения риска имплант-ассоциированных осложнений. <bold>Методы.</bold> Всего в исследование вошло 72 пациента, прооперированных по поводу сколиотической деформации. В I группу включено 25 пациентов (447 винтов), оперированных с применением free-hand-техники имплантации транспедикулярных винтов; во II — 25 пациентов (528 винтов), оперированных с применением O-arm-навигации и в III — 22 пациента (430 винтов), оперированных с использованием аддитивных технологий на основе 3D-печати. В группах проводился сравнительный анализ частоты и распределения мальпозиций, а также поиск взаимосвязей различных рентгенологических параметров. <bold>Результаты.</bold> В группе free-hand средний угол деформации до операции составил 78,48 ± 18,28; общая частота мальпозиций — 16,6%, из них: 1-й степени — 2,01%, 2-й степени — 6,94%, 3-й степени — 7,6%. В группе O-arm средний угол деформации — 90,84 ± 30,16; всего мальпозиций — 4,92%, из них: 1-й степени — 1,52%, 2-й степени — 2,84%, 3-й степени — 0,57%. В группе 3D-печати средний угол деформации 95,36 ± 20,93; всего мальпозиций — 6,28%, из них: 1-й степени — 3,72%, 2-й степени — 2,33%, 3-й степени — 0,23%. При оценке взаимосвязи ротации вершинного позвонка и угла деформации по Cobb от частоты мальпозиций в группе free-hand была установлена высокой степени прямая взаимосвязь (p &lt; 0,05). Корреляции между частотой мальпозиций и ротаций вершинного позвонка и углом деформации по Cobb в группе O-arm не выявлено. В группе 3D-печати прослеживалась корреляция умеренной степени (p &lt; 0,05). В группе free-hand было отмечено одно неврологическое осложнение, в группах O-arm и 3D осложнений не отмечалось. <bold>Заключение. </bold>Применение free-hand-техники установки транспедикулярных винтов при хирургической коррекции деформаций позвоночника относительно безопасно. Однако увеличение степени выраженности деформации позвоночника сопряжено с высоким риском имплант-ассоциированных осложнений при тяжелых деформациях позвоночника. Применение O-arm-навигации и аддитивных технологий значительно снижает риск имплант-ассоциированных осложнений, что повышает эффективность и безопасность хирургической коррекции тяжелых форм сколиозов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scoliosis</kwd><kwd>pedicular fixation</kwd><kwd>O-arm</kwd><kwd>free-hand</kwd><kwd>additive technologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сколиоз</kwd><kwd>транспедикулярная фиксация</kwd><kwd>O-arm</kwd><kwd>free-hand</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Ondra S, et al. Rationale behind the current state-of-the-art treatment of scoliosis (in the pedicle screw era). 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