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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antitumor potential of anti-glycosphingolipid therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противоопухолевый потенциал антигликосфинголипидной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-8498</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3441-4820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулева</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>kulevadoc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-0048</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3821-8062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khashuro</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашуро</surname><given-names>Вадим Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>kashuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-4579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5800-7966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batocirenova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батоцыренова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Геннадиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>bkaterina2009@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-6969</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1421-4493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sachautdinov</surname><given-names>Gaziя A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинов</surname><given-names>Газиз Асхальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>derek2396@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-4732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Yulia K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Юлия Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>semenova.julia1997@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1190-7220</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5080-4461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vas.maria.mikh.35@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-1420</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1038-8710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyova</surname><given-names>Alika A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулева</surname><given-names>Алика Альбертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alika.abadzheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-8455</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9633-9449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savyelyeva</surname><given-names>Olga E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Ольга Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>olga_chechina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Петрова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-11-16"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18038">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18038</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, immuno-oncology is a rapidly developing field of medicine, primarily due to the integration of achievements in molecular biology and biotechnology (creation and production of modified cells and effector molecules), immunological physiology (understanding of subtle mechanisms of regulation of immune functions) and clinical medicine (adequate accompanying therapy, allowing manipulation of the patient’s immune system). A large number of tumors overexpress tumor-associated gangliosides (sialylated glycosphingolipids). For example, GD3, GD2 and GM2 are overexpressed in melanoma and neuroblastoma cells, increased expression of GD1a, GM1, GM2 is shown in carcinoma cells, GD2 is expressed by soft tissue sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma and small cell lung cancer cells. The ratio of the number of gangliosides varies from one tumor type to another. In addition, gangliosides are found in neoplastic tissues that are not characteristic of normal transformed cells of this tissue. In particular, one such ganglioside is GD2. In normal cells, the expression of this ganglioside, as well as that of GM2, is restricted to nerve cells, but in the case of cancer transformation they are found in cells of malignant tumors. Numerous studies have shown that tumor-associated gangliosides arising from oncogenic transformation play a key role in invasion and metastasis of a number of tumors and induce tumor-associated angiogenesis. First of all, it has been established that tumor cells differ in the composition of gangliosides. the ganglioside composition of metastasis cells differs from the cells of the primary tumor focus and is characterized by a decrease in the content of complex gangliosides. Due to its high level of expression in a number of tumors and limited expression in normal tissues, ganglioside GD2 can be considered as an ideal potential target for the development of anti-tumor immunotherapies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время иммуноонкология является бурно развивающейся областью медицины в первую очередь за счет интеграции достижений молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии (создания и производства модифицированных клеток и эффекторных молекул), иммунологической физиологии (понимания тонких механизмов регуляции иммунных функций) и клинической медицины (адекватной сопроводительной терапии, допускающей манипуляции с иммунной системой пациента). Большое число опухолей гиперэкспрессируют опухолеассоциированные ганглиозиды (сиализированные гликосфинголипиды). Например, в клетках меланомы и нейробластомы наблюдается гиперэкспрессия GD3, GD2 и GM2, повышенная экспрессия GD1a, GM1, GM2 обнаружена в клетках карциномы, GD2 экспрессируется клетками саркомы мягких тканей, остеогенной саркомы и мелкоклеточного рака легких. Отношение количества ганглиозидов варьирует от одного типа опухоли к другому. Кроме того, в неопластических тканях обнаруживаются ганглиозиды, не характерные для нормальных нетрансформированных клеток этой ткани. В частности, одним из таких ганглиозидов является GD2. В норме экспрессия этого ганглиозида, как и ганглиозида GM2, ограничивается нервными клетками, однако в случае онкологической трансформации они обнаруживаются в клетках злокачественных опухолей. Многочисленные исследования показали, что опухолеассоциированные ганглиозиды, появляющиеся в результате онкогенной трансформации, играют ключевую роль в инвазии и метастазировании ряда опухолей и индуцируют опухолеассоциированный ангиогенез. Прежде всего установлено, что опухолевые клетки отличаются по составу ганглиозидов. Ганглиозидный состав метастазирующих клеток отличается от клеток первичного опухолевого очага и характеризуется уменьшением содержания сложных ганглиозидов. В связи с высоким уровнем экспрессии в ряде опухолей и ограниченной экспрессией в нормальных тканях ганглиозид GD2 можно рассматривать в качестве идеальной потенциальной мишени для разработки методов противоопухолевой иммунотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GD2</kwd><kwd>tumor-associated gangliosides</kwd><kwd>overexpression</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>GD2</kwd><kwd>опухолеассоциированные ганглиозиды</kwd><kwd>гиперэкспрессия</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for 2025–2027 (BMQH-2025-0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Мин-здрава России 2025–2027 гг. 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