Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC1803710.15690/vramn18037INTERNAL DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙReview ArticleDiagnosis of sarcopenia in age-associated diseases using non-instrumental methods: analysis of literary sourcesДиагностика саркопении при возраст-ассоциированных заболеваниях с использованием неинструментальных методов: анализ литературных источниковhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-66226982-5313ZhukovaNatalia G.ЖуковаНаталья Григорьевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

znatali@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-66863913-5419MatveevaMaria V.МатвееваМария Владимировна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

matveeva.mariia@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-8567-9426KazantsevaPolina E.КазанцеваПолина Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

Resident

ординатор

kazpol9991@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-48428644-8043SamoilovaIulia G.СамойловаЮлия Геннадьевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

д.м.н.

samoilova_y@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-4583-5407MasenkoAleksandra Ya.МасенкоАлександра Ярославовна
Russian Federation

PhD Student

аспирант

masenkosasha@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6061-0314GaponovaOlesya V.ГапоноваОлеся Владимировна
Russian Federation

PhD Student

аспирант

lesya_gaponova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-16981987-1878ZhukovaIrina A.ЖуковаИрина Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

irzhukova@inbox.ruSiberian State Medical UniversityСибирский государственный медицинский университет100220268053353430812202428102025Copyright ©; 2026, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2026, Издательство "Педиатръ"2026"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18037

Sarcopenia is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. The primary population affected by sarcopenia consists of elderly and old-aged individuals, which is caused by an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes in the muscles, leading to a reduction in their volume and function. Loss of muscle mass during aging due to chronic diseases has serious negative effects: development of weakness, inability to perform self-care, worsening of existing somatic pathology, and an increased risk of mortality. As the global elderly population continues to grow, a sharp increase in sarcopenia cases is expected. Currently, the prevalence of sarcopenia worldwide ranges from 10 to 27% among people aged 60 and older. Sarcopenia is classified into primary sarcopenia, which is considered an independent disease, and secondary sarcopenia, which occurs against the background of existing chronic illnesses. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is confirmed based on measurements of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Assessment of muscle mass is performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) — these are the most common methods. Muscle strength is evaluated with handgrip dynamometry, while physical performance (daily activity) is assessed using specific tests: the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the “Get Up and Go” test (Timed Up and Go, TUG).Special questionnaires also play a significant role in confirming sarcopenia: the SARC-F questionnaire for rapid screening of sarcopenia (SARC-F-Sarcopenia Fast), the “Sarcopenia and Quality of Life” (SarQol) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF).The aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence and role of non-instrumental methods in diagnosing sarcopenia based on data from literary sources in foreign and domestic bibliographic and abstract databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elibrary) from 2014 to 2024.

Под саркопенией понимается снижение массы, силы и функции мышц. Основная популяция людей, подверженных развитию саркопении, — люди пожилого и старческого возраста, что обусловлено дисбалансом между анаболическими и катаболическими процессами в мышцах, приводящими к уменьшению их объема и снижению функции. Потеря мышечной массы при хронических заболеваниях в процессе старения имеет серьезное негативное влияние: развитие слабости, невозможность самообслуживания, усугубление течения имеющейся соматической патологии, повышение риска летальности. В результате повсеместного увеличения численности пожилого населения планеты ожидается резкий рост заболеваемости саркопенией. На данный момент распространенность саркопении в мире колеблется от 10 до 27% у лиц в возрасте 60 лет и старше. Выделяют первичную саркопению, являющуюся самостоятельным заболеванием, и вторичную, возникающую на фоне уже имеющегося хронического заболевания. Диагноз саркопении верифицируется на основании измерения мышечной массы, силы и физической работоспособности. Оценка мышечной массы проводится с использованием наиболее распространенных методов — двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии (ДРА) и биоимпедансометрии (БИА). Оценка мышечной силы осуществляется с помощью кистевой динамометрии, определение физической работоспособности (повседневной активности) — с использованием специальных тестов: короткая батарея физической работоспособности (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPРB), тест «Встань и иди» (Timed Up and Go, TUG). Особое место в верификации саркопении отводится специальным опросникам: опросник для быстрой диагностики саркопении (SARC-F-Sarcopenia Fast), тест «Саркопения и качество жизни» (Sarcopenia and Quality of Life, SarQol), сокращенный опросник о повседневной физической активности (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, IPAQ-SF). Цель настоящей работы — анализ распространенности и роль неинструментальных методов в диагностике саркопении по данным литературных источников в зарубежных и отечественных библиографических и реферативных базах (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elibrary) в период с 2014 по 2024 г.

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