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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ НЕВРОЛОГИИ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neurological disorders associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies: clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes in a Russian cohort patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологические заболевания, ассоциированные с антителами к глутаматдекарбоксилазе (GAD): клинические проявления и краткосрочные исходы в когорте российских пациентов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5442-0877</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9319-8156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekanova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina О.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеканова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>chekanova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-7668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5571-3386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhnyi</surname><given-names>Evgeniy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нужный</surname><given-names>Евгений Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>enuzhny@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3466-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>ekfed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-0095</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6687-4334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalimanova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалиманова</surname><given-names>Елена Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>elena.shalim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8472</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5214-1318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovneva</surname><given-names>Eugenia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головнёва</surname><given-names>Евгения Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>golovnyova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-9968</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4277-2860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>zakharova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-08"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-11-17"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18025">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18025</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-spectrum diseases (GAD-ASD) are a group of relatively rare immune-mediated neurological disorders that most commonly present by such syndromes as cerebellar ataxia (СA), stiff person syndrome (SPS), limbic encephalitis (LE), epilepsy (E) and variants of their combination (overlap syndromes). The domestic literature contains descriptions of individual cases of GAD-ASD; cohort studies of GAD-ASD have not been conducted in Russia previously. <bold>Aims</bold> — to analyze clinical features and short-term outcomes in different phenotypes of GAD-ASD in a one-center cohort of Russian patients. <bold>Methods.</bold> The study was conducted between 2018 and 2024 at Research Center of Neurology (Moscow, Russia). The object of the study were 40 patients with a verified diagnosis of GAD-ASD. An assessment of the clinical picture, the results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory tests, MRI and neurophysiological studies were carried out, the data of treatment and patient’s follow-up were analyzed. <bold>Results. </bold>Most patients were female (85%). The median age at symptom onset was 54 years (range: 18–74 years), the duration of the disease was 40.5 months (range: 1 month — 14 years). The diseases phenotypes were typical for GAD-ASD: SPS (42.5%), MA (30%), LE/E (15%), overlap syndrome (12.5%). GAD antibodies were detected in 100% of the blood and CSF samples examined. 1 case (SPS) corresponded to a “probable” paraneoplastic syndrome; 3 cases (LE, SPS, MA+E) were associated with COVID-19. 62.5% of patients had another concomitant autoimmune disease. Inflammatory changes in the CSF were rare: increased protein — 3.4%, oligoclonal bands — 10%. On brain MRI, focal changes were observed in 5%, signs of atrophy — in 20%. Immunotherapy was performed in 80% patients, in 80% of them — long-term immunosuppression. Treatment response was observed in 92.1% and didn’t differ among GAD-ASD phenotypes. 65.8% of patients achieved improvement with a decrease in disability, 1 patient (2.6%) achieved complete recovery. <bold>Conclusions. </bold>In Russia, a cohort of patients with GAD-ASD has been characterized for the first time. In Russian patients, disease phenotypes were typical for GAD-autoimmunity, the most common of which was SPS. Most patients respond to immunotherapy, but recoveries are rare, indicating a chronic course of GAD-ASD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Заболевания, ассоциированные с антителами к глутаматдекарбоксилазе (GAD-АЗ), — группа относительно редких иммуноопосредованных неврологических расстройств, которые наиболее часто проявляются такими синдромами, как мозжечковая атаксия (МА), синдром ригидного человека (СРЧ), лимбический энцефалит (ЛЭ), эпилепсия (Э), и вариантами их сочетания (перекрестные синдромы). В отечественной литературе представлены описания отдельных клинических наблюдений GAD-АЗ, когортных исследований GAD-АЗ в России ранее не проводилось. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — анализ клинических характеристик и краткосрочных исходов заболевания в одноцентровой когорте российских пациентов с различными фенотипами GAD-АЗ. <bold>Методы.</bold> Исследование проводилось с 2018 по 2024 г. в Научном центре неврологии (Москва, Россия). Объект исследования — 40 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом GAD-АЗ. Проанализированы клиническая картина заболевания, результаты лабораторных анализов крови и цереброспинальной жидкости (ЦСЖ), данные МРТ и нейрофизиологических исследований, лечение и катамнез пациентов. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Среди пациентов преобладали женщины (85%). Медиана возраста дебюта заболевания составила 54 года (от 18 до 74 лет), длительности GAD-АЗ до постановки диагноза — 40,5 мес (от 1 мес до 14 лет). Клинические фенотипы заболевания были типичными для GAD-АЗ: СРЧ (42,5%), МА (30%), ЛЭ/Э (15%), перекрестный синдром (12,5%). Антитела к GAD обнаружены в 100% исследованных образцов крови и ЦСЖ. Один случай (СРЧ) соответствовал «вероятному» паранеопластическому синдрому, три случая (ЛЭ, СРЧ, МА+Э) были ассоциированы с COVID-19. Сопутствующее аутоиммунное заболевание имели 62,5% пациентов. Воспалительные изменения в ЦСЖ наблюдались редко: повышение белка — 3,4%, олигоклональный синтез IgG — 10%. При МРТ головного мозга очаговые изменения выявлены у 5%, признаки атрофического процесса — у 20%. Иммунотерапию получали 80% больных, из них 80% — постоянную иммуносупрессию. Ответ на лечение отмечался у 92,1% и достоверно не различался в группах с разными фенотипами GAD-АЗ. 65,8% достигли клинического улучшения со снижением инвалидизации, выздоровел один пациент (2,6%). <bold>Заключение. </bold>Впервые в России охарактеризована когорта пациентов с GAD-АЗ. GAD-АЗ у российских пациентов представлены классическими для GAD-аутоиммунитета фенотипами, наиболее распространенный из них – СРЧ. Большинство пациентов отвечают на иммунотерапию, однако случаи выздоровления единичны, что позволяет предполагать хронический характер GAD-АЗ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glutamic acid decarboxylase</kwd><kwd>stiff person syndrome</kwd><kwd>cerebellar ataxia</kwd><kwd>autoimmune encephalitis</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глутаматдекарбоксилаза</kwd><kwd>синдром ригидного человека</kwd><kwd>мозжечковая атаксия</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный энцефалит</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Solimena M, De Camilli P. Autoimmunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in Stiff–Man syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 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