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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18020</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn18020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Operational Study of Efficacy and Safety of 9-Month Multi- and Pre-Extesively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Therapy in the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Операционное исследование эффективности и безопасности 9-месячной терапии туберкулеза с множественной и пре-широкой лекарственной устойчивостью микобактерии в Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-3207</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5627-3959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khimova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Химова</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач, ассистент</p></bio><email>himovae@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-6477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volchenkov</surname><given-names>Grigory V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волченков</surname><given-names>Григорий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>vlchnkv@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1076-6498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perkhin</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перхин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>tubdisp29@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9096-1023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyzhik</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюжик</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>elenadyuzhik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6166-6510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sveshnikova</surname><given-names>Oksana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свешникова</surname><given-names>Оксана Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>tub29zam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7403-2611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>kuznezova@tubdisp.elcom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1417-0524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhmaeva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махмаева</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>svetkich1975@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6448-3207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verkhovaya</surname><given-names>Viktoria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верховая</surname><given-names>Виктория Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>viktoria.verkh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4182-9313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>Marietta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Мариетта Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>marietta.petukhova.19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-8131</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1614-3069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guryeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>tanya-gyrieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4817-2642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagai</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багай</surname><given-names>Анна Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>Anna.B.33@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-6958</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8011-1683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishova</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишова</surname><given-names>Елена Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, доцент</p></bio><email>e.i.nikishova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-4557</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9007-4510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseev</surname><given-names>Platon I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеев</surname><given-names>Платон Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>pediatrics@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-4169</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6070-2486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Postoev</surname><given-names>Vitaly A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Постоев</surname><given-names>Виталий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p></bio><email>vipostoev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-5625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maryandyshev</surname><given-names>Andrey O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марьяндышев</surname><given-names>Андрей Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>maryandyshev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Specialized Phthisiopulmonological Care</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр специализированной фтизиопульмонологической помощи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Arkhangelsk Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Архангельский клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-27"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-12"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18020">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/18020</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><bold>. </bold>The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends conducting regional operational studies of fully oral modified shorter treatment regimens for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in different countries to achieve an indicator of tuberculosis treatment effectiveness. <bold>Aims</bold> — to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 9-month, fully oral four-component treatment regimen for patients with MDR and pre-XDR-TB in two administrative regions of the Russian Federation. <bold>Methods</bold><bold>.</bold> In frame of operational research conducted in the Arkhangelsk and Vladimir regions, 167 MDR-TB patients started 9-month treatment. Based on results of drug susceptibility testing of mycobacteria to fluoroquinolones, 134 participans received therapy with combination of levofloxacin (Lfx), bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), clofazimine (Cfz), one patient — with levofloxacin (Lfx), bedaquiline (Bdq), delamanid (Dlm), clofazimine (Cfz), and 32 patients with — bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), delamanid (Dlm) and clofazimine (Cfz). The molecular genetic verification of MDR-TB was 98.2%. HIV and hepatitis C co-infection was confirmed for 13.2% and 16.8% of participants, respectively. Adults, two teenagers and a pregnant woman participated in the study. <bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> Favorable treatment outcomes were registered for 137 (82%) patients. Two of them had recurrence of the active TB disease. 15 (9%) patients were lost-to-follow-up, 7 (4.2%) patients had failure outcomes, and 8 (4.8%) patients died during treatment. On average, the culture conversion occurred after the first month of treatment. Active safety monitoring revealed 483 adverse events in 167 patients, the most frequent were: hepatotoxic reaction (in 89 patients, 53.3%), anemia (in 62 patients, 37.1%), QT prolongation (in 41 patients, 24.6%), polyneuropathy (in 45 patients, 26.9%). The frequency of serious adverse events was 9.5% of total number of adverse events. <bold>Conclusions</bold><bold>. </bold>The results of an operational study of fully oral 9-month four-component treatment regimens demonstrate the achievement of WHO tuberculosis treatment effectiveness indicators (more than 80%), and low level of serious adverse events. They can be recommended for the national clinical guidelines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Для достижения индикатора эффективности лечения туберкулеза Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) рекомендует проводить операционные исследования модифицированных коротких режимов терапии в разных странах мира. <bold>Цель исследования </bold>— оценка эффективности и безопасности 9-месячного безынъекционного четырехкомпонентного режима лечения туберкулеза с множественной (МЛУ-ТБ) и пре-широкой (пре-ШЛУ-ТБ) лекарственной устойчивостью микобактерии в двух субъектах Российской Федерации. <bold>Методы.</bold> В рамках операционного исследования в Архангельской и Владимирской областях 167 больных с МЛУ-ТБ начали 9-месячное лечение. На основании результата теста лекарственной чувствительности к фторхинолонам больные получали следующие схемы лечения: 134 пациента — левофлоксацин (Lfx), бедаквилин (Bdq), линезолид (Lzd) и клофазимин (Cfz); 1 пациент — левофлоксацин (Lfx), бедаквилин (Bdq), деламанид (Dlm), клофазимин Cfz; 32 пациента — бедаквилин (Bdq), линезолид (Lzd), клофазимин (Cfz) и деламанид (Dlm). Молекулярно-генетическая верификация МЛУ-ТБ составила 98,2%. Коинфекции ВИЧ и гепатит С составили соответственно 13,2 и 16,8%. В исследование включены взрослые, два подростка и беременная женщина. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Эффективный курс химиотерапии зарегистрирован у 137 (82%) пациентов, у 2 (1,5%) из них позже зарегистрирован рецидив заболевания; 15 (9%) пациентов прервали лечение; 7 (4,2%) пациентов имели неэффективный курс химиотерапии; 8 (4,8%) пациентов умерли в период лечения. В среднем конверсия культуры микобактерии туберкулеза наступала после 1-го мес химиотерапии. При активном мониторинге безопасности у 167 человек зарегистрировано 483 нежелательных явления. Чаще всего регистрировались: гепатотоксическая реакция (89 (53,3%) пациентов); анемия (62 (37,1%)); удлинение QTcF (41 (24,6%)); полинейропатия (45 (26,9%) пациентов). Частота серьезных побочных реакций — 9,5% общего количества явлений. <bold>Заключение. </bold>Результаты операционного исследования 9-месячных четырехкомпонентных безынъекционных режимов лечения демонстрируют достижение индикаторов эффективности лечения туберкулеза ВОЗ (более 80%) и низкий уровень серьезных побочных реакций. Данные режимы химиотерапии могут быть включены в национальные клинические рекомендации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>multi-drug resistant</kwd><kwd>drug-related side effects and adverse reactions</kwd><kwd>levofloxacin</kwd><kwd>bedaquiline</kwd><kwd>clofazimine</kwd><kwd>linezolid</kwd><kwd>delamanid</kwd><kwd>oral drug administration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>побочные эффекты, связанные с приемом лекарств</kwd><kwd>левофлоксацин</kwd><kwd>бедаквилин</kwd><kwd>клофазимин</kwd><kwd>линезолид</kwd><kwd>деламанид</kwd><kwd>пероральный прием лекарственных средств</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство Здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00059-24-01</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Васильева И.А., и др. 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