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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17998</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn17998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Healthcare-Associated Infections: State of the Problem and Prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи: состояние проблемы и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4038-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-3227</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6976-2551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusina</surname><given-names>Elena B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусина</surname><given-names>Елена Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>brusina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-2744</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2992-6915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Briko</surname><given-names>Nikolay I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брико</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><email>nbrico@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6689</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8150-2230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>Алексей В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Corresponding Member of the RAS]</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член-корреспондент РАН </p></bio><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Кemerovo State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-07-14"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17998">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17998</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the epidemic process of healthcare-associated infections (HAI’s) has a number of features, including a decrease in the intensity of manifestations of the epidemic process of HAI’s in surgery with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of severe forms of infections with loss of function or organ, a high risk of developing HAI’s in children with low and extremely low body weight, the spread of HAI’s pathogens with high epidemic potential, bacteria multiresistant to antimicrobial drugs, a decrease in the frequency of exogenous infection and an increase in infections associated with the formation of a hospital clone. At the same time, it should be noted that there are clear trends in the development of medical technologies, primarily in surgery, concerning the intensification of surgical treatment methods, a decrease in the aggression of medical technologies, an increase in the use of various implants, as well as organ and tissue transplantations. At the same time, the epidemic process of HAI predominantly involves microorganisms from the group of ESKAPE pathogens, which have the ability to “escape” the biocidal action of antimicrobial drugs and a high epidemic potential, necessary and sufficient for their epidemic spread in the hospital environment. In this regard, a mandatory condition for combating the formation of a “hospital” strain (clone) and the further development of group diseases of patients and employees of a medical organization is the introduction of systemic genetic monitoring of microorganisms circulating in the hospital environment using a risk-oriented approach based on systematically organized epidemiological diagnostics. This approach is determined by the need for timely identification of groups and risk factors, both in the context of individual units and the medical organization as a whole, in order to develop effective preventive and anti-epidemic measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время эпидемический процесс инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи (ИСМП), обладает рядом особенностей, включая снижение интенсивности проявлений эпидемического процесса ИСМП в хирургии с одновременным ростом удельного веса тяжелых форм инфекций с утратой функции или органа, высокий риск развития ИСМП у детей с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела, распространение возбудителей ИСМП с высоким эпидемическим потенциалом, мультирезистентных к антимикробным препаратам бактерий, снижение частоты экзогенного инфицирования и рост инфекций, связанных с формированием госпитального клона. При этом следует отметить четкие тенденции развития медицинских технологий, прежде всего в хирургии, касающиеся интенсификации хирургических методов лечения, снижение агрессии медицинских технологий, рост применения различных имплантов, а также трансплантаций органов и тканей. При этом в эпидемическом процессе ИСМП участвуют преимущественно микроорганизмы из группы ESKAPE-патогенов, обладающие возможностями “ускользать” от биоцидного действия противомикробных препаратов и высоким эпидемическим потенциалом, необходимым и достаточным для их эпидемического распространения в больничной среде. В этой связи обязательным условием борьбы с формированием «госпитального» штамма (клона) и дальнейшим развитием групповых заболеваний пациентов и сотрудников медицинской организации становится внедрение системного генетического мониторинга циркулирующих в больничной среде микроорганизмов с применением риск-ориентированного подхода, основанного на системно организованной эпидемиологической диагностике. Данный подход определяется необходимостью своевременного выявления групп и факторов риска в разрезе как отдельных подразделений, так и медицинской организации в целом с целью разработки эффективных профилактических и противоэпидемических мероприятий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infections</kwd><kwd>surgical procedures</kwd><kwd>risk-oriented approach</kwd><kwd>ESKAPE patogens</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>хирургические технологии</kwd><kwd>риск-ориентированный эпидемиологический надзор</kwd><kwd>ESKAPE-патогены</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miller TS. The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1985. 288 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Blot S, Ruppé E, Harbarth S, et al. 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