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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17995</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn17995</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR MEDICINE AND GENETICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГЕНЕТИКИ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of the Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus, Strain NYVAC, as Recombinant Vector for Construction Vaccine Against HIV Infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение высокоаттенуированного вируса осповакцины, штамм NYVAC, в качестве рекомбинантного вектора для конструирования вакцины против ВИЧ- инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stovba</surname><given-names>Lyudmila F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стовба</surname><given-names>Людмила Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>Alexandr А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-0860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhralia</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухраля</surname><given-names>Олег Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-1897</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1443-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paveliev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павельев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dpavelev@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5753-3400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17995">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17995</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS continues to pose a serious global public health threat. According to 2021 statistics, there were 1.5 million new HIV infections worldwide, with approximately 38.4 million people living with the virus. While ART has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, a preventive vaccine remains the most promising solution for controlling the epidemic, particularly in developing countries with limited healthcare resources. This review focuses on the attenuated vaccinia virus strain NYVAC as a promising recombinant vector platform for HIV vaccine development. Therefore this recombinant vector was used as share in strategy immunization prime/boost in common with DNA-vaccines. As vector’s virus NYVAC is attenuated and safe for man with immunodeficiency as considerate for creation of vaccines, in main, against AIDS. Only in alone clinical trial RV144 was received modest positive response against challenge by human deficiency virus. Therefore, comparative characteristic of immune responses, inducing by recombinant vector ALVAC, used in this trial, with recombinant vector NYVAC with identical conditions, reveal preference vector NYVAC. It triggers research about substitution vector ALVAC on NYVAC, preserved regimen mimicking that of the RV144: two prime / two boost, using only one vector, insertion maximum quantity genes of antigenic determinants human immunodeficiency virus, addition protein gp120 for enhance quantity envelope proteins. Besides this, replication-restricted strain NYVAC has been modified by reincorporation in her genome of the earlier deleted genes K1L and C7L with generation vector’s virus NYVAC-C-KC, which replicate in human cells — keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Again receiving strain NYVAC-C-KC, additionally modified by deleting immunomodulate gene B19R an inhibitor of the type I interferon response with generated new vector’s virus NYVAC-C-KC-∆ B19R, which expressed greater quantity antigenic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus by increasing time reproduction in human cells. All this properties of new vector’s virus NYVAC, most probably, positive plead on effectivity vaccine against HIV infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на успехи антиретровирусной терапии, ВИЧ остается одной из наиболее значимых угроз общественному здоровью: в 2021 г. зарегистрировано 1,5 млн новых случаев, а 38,4 млн человек живут с ВИЧ. Вакцинация — единственный способ добиться контроля над пандемией, особенно в странах с ограниченным доступом к антиретровирусной терапии. Цель данного обзора — обобщить современные данные о применении высокоаттенуированного вируса осповакцины, штамма NYVAC, в качестве рекомбинантного вектора для разработки вакцины против ВИЧ-инфекции. Показано, что иммунный ответ, индуцированный только рекомбинантным вирусом осповакцины, штамм NYVAC, не защищает животных от дальнейшего заражения соответствующим нативным вирусом. Поэтому данный рекомбинантный вектор использовался как компонент в системе иммунизации праймирования/бустирования совместно с ДНК-вакцинами. Поскольку векторный вирус осповакцины, штамм NYVAC, является высокоаттенуированным и безопасным для людей с иммунодефицитными состояниями, он рассматривался для создания вакцин, в основном против ВИЧ-инфекции. Только в одном клиническом испытании RV144 (вакцина проходила изучение в период 2003–2009 гг. в Таиланде) получен умеренный положительный ответ против заражения вирусом иммунодефицита человека. Так как в этом испытании применялся рекомбинантный вектор ALVAC, то проводилось сравнение показателей иммунных ответов, индуцированных рекомбинантными векторами ALVAC и NYVAC, которое при одинаковых условиях испытания выявило преимущество вектора NYVAC. Это дало толчок исследованиям по замене вектора ALVAC на NYVAC с сохранением схемы испытания, примененной в RV144: двукратное праймирование / двукратное бустирование, использование только одного вектора, встраивание максимально возможного количества генов антигенных детерминант вируса иммунодефицита человека, добавление белка gp120 для увеличения количества белков оболочки. Кроме того, репликационно-дефектный вирус осповакцины, штамм NYVAC, был модифицирован за счет встраивания в его геном ранее делетированных генов K1L и C7L с образованием векторного вируса осповакцины, штамм NYVAC-C-KC, который реплицировался в человеческих кератиноцитах и дермальных фибробластах. Вновь полученный штамм NYVAC-C-KC, модифицированный за счет делетирования иммуномодуляторного гена B19R, экспрессировал большее количество антигенных детерминант вируса иммунодефицита человека за счет увеличения времени репродукции в клетках. Все эти качества нового вектора NYVAC, скорее всего, положительным образом скажутся на эффективности вакцины против ВИЧ-инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>virus vector NYVAC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>вирусный вектор NYVAC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Goebel SJ, Johnson GP, Perkus ME, et al. The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus (Appendix). 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