Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC1796810.15690/vramn17968PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ И ФАРМАЦИИReview ArticlePhenotypic Mechanisms of Biofilm Resistance to AntibioticsФенотипические механизмы устойчивости биопленок к антибиотикамhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-68761057-7837SavilovEvgeny D.СавиловЕвгений Дмитриевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

savilov47@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-42049983-0764MarkovaYulia A.МарковаЮлия Александровна
Russian Federation

PhD in Biology

д.б.н.

juliam06@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-068X6533-3698BelkovaNatalia L.БельковаНаталья Леонидовна
Russian Federation

PhD in Biology, Associate Professor

к.б.н., доцент

nlbelkova@gmail.comScientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyНаучный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека, Институт эпидемиологии и микробиологииIrkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate EducationИркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образованияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук101020247943533592703202426072024Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"2024"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17968

Considering that the current global problems are a trend towards increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics and issues related to biofilm infections, the purpose of this review was to analyze modern data on the population level of biofilm resistance, which explains their increased resistance to antibiotics. One of the main introductory postulates is that the bacteria in a biofilm have not only genetic, but also phenotypic mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, which is due to the population level of biofilm organization. This study revealed the main causes of phenotypic resistance of biofilms: quorum sensing, matrix composition, heterogeneity of microbial populations due to the biofilm architecture, and the mechanisms of persister cell formation. In conclusion, the relevance of considering the phenomenon of collective resistance of bacterial cells to antibacterial drugs in biofilm consortia in relation to infectious agents is summarized for a detailed understanding of the issue under consideration and the formation of appropriate programs in the clinical and preventive fields of medical science.

Учитывая, что в настоящее время глобальные проблемы мирового здравоохранения — тенденция нарастания устойчивости микроорганизмов к антибиотикам и вопросы биопленочных инфекций, целью настоящего обзора стал анализ современных данных о популяционном уровне устойчивости биопленок, что объясняет их повышенную резистентность к антибиотикам. Одно из основных вводных постулатов — положение о том, что бактерии в составе биопленки обладают не только генетическими, но и фенотипическими механизмами устойчивости к антибиотикам, что обусловлено популяционным уровнем организации биопленок. В статье раскрываются основные причины фенотипической резистентности биопленок: состав матрикса, гетерогенность микробных популяций, обусловленная архитектурой биопленки, а также механизмы формирования клеток-персистеров. В заключение резюмируется актуальность рассмотрения феномена устойчивости бактериальных клеток к антибактериальным препаратам в биопленочных консорциумах в отношении инфекционных агентов для детального осмысления рассматриваемого вопроса и формирования соответствующих программ в клинических и профилактических направлениях медицинской науки.

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