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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn17922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ И ФАРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antibiotic resistance is a Russia’s most important challenge: scientific and practical aspects, solutions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антибиотикорезистентность — важнейший вызов России: научные и практические аспекты, пути решения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-4278</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7223-9834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starodubov</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стародубов</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><email>starodubov@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-4570</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5940-7554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beregovykh</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Береговых</surname><given-names>Валерий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Technical Sciences), Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><email>beregovykh@ramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4038-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><email>vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-1113</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5108-3071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Roman S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Роман Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН </p></bio><email>roman.kozlov@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6689</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8150-2230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член-корреспондент РАН </p></bio><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-0155</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8840-5814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ugleva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Углева</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор </p></bio><email>uglevas@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stephani</surname><given-names>Stefania</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефани</surname><given-names>Стефания</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор </p></bio><email>stefania.stefani@unict.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-5872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rex</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рэкс</surname><given-names>Джон</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="US">United States</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт-профессор медицины </p></bio><email>john.rex@amr.solutions</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5424</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4122-5565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaulov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караулов</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><email>drkaraulov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-7875</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7738-7060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор </p></bio><email>sidorserg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-9740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basetti</surname><given-names>Matteo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басетти</surname><given-names>Маттео</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор </p></bio><email>matteo.bassetti@unige.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-9730</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8383-7023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Priputnevich</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Припутневич</surname><given-names>Татьяна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН </p></bio><email>priput1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3791-9646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoma</surname><given-names>Igor O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стома</surname><given-names>Игорь Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор </p></bio><email>igor.stoma@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-0417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svidzinsky</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свидзинский</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DE">Germany</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор </p></bio><email>alexander.swidsinski@charite.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-0441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eckmann</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Экманн</surname><given-names>Кристиан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DE">Germany</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н. </p></bio><email>c.eckmann@khmue.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-2586</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5816-4642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyumentsev</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюменцев</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н. </p></bio><email>tymencev@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-3702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1708-0751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyumentseva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюменцева</surname><given-names>Марина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н. </p></bio><email>tymenceva@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-3844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prelovskaya</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преловская</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prelovskaya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Смоленский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Catania</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Катанийский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">McGovern Medical School</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинская школа Макговерна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Hospital of Sassari, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская больница в Сассари, Университет Генуи, Поликлиническая больница Сан-Мартино</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff11"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff12"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Berlin Humboldt</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Берлинский университет им. Гумбольдта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff13"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hanoversch-Münden University Lübeck</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ганноверш-Мюнденский университет Любека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>539</fpage><lpage>550</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-08-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17922">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/17922</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become particularly relevant in countries with developed healthcare systems and intensive agriculture over the past 20 years. According to the UN General Assembly on September 22, 2022, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is already a global problem, causing almost 5 million deaths per year, and by 2050 the annual number of additional deaths worldwide could increase to 10 million persons per year. Currently, to counter the spread of AMR in the world, a partnership of 4 world organizations (WHO, OIE, FAO and UNEP) has been created, leaving the basis for the global concept of “One Health”, which is an integrated, unifying approach aimed at Sustainably balancing and optimizing the health of people, animals and ecosystems. In order to protect the population, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the “Strategy for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the Russian Federation for the period until 2030”. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide. On the one hand, restrictions and preventive measures introduced in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, such as reduced travel, distancing, hand hygiene, and environmental treatment, help reduce the spread of infections; on the other hand, the use of antibiotics in patients with COVID-19 is not always justified has exacerbated the public health threat posed by AMR, and as the pandemic progresses throughout the world, the importance of resistance has increased significantly. The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs requires improving measures to prevent and limit the spread and circulation of pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, ensuring systemic monitoring of the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and studying the mechanisms of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одна из важнейших проблем общественного здравоохранения во всем мире — усиливающаяся с каждым годом устойчивость микроорганизмов к противомикробным препаратам (УПП). По данным Генеральной Ассамблеи Организации Объединенных Наций (ООН) (сентябрь 2022 г.) УПП уже представляет собой глобальную проблему, которая приводит к почти 5 млн смертей в год, а к 2050 г. по прогнозу ежегодное число дополнительных смертей в мире может увеличиться до 10 млн. В настоящее время для противодействия распространению УПП в мире создано партнерство четырех мировых организаций — Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Всемирной организации охраны здоровья животных, Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН и Программы ООН по окружающей среде, составляющее базис общемировой концепции «Единое здоровье» (One Health), которая представляет собой интегрированный, объединяющий подход, направленный на устойчивое балансирование и оптимизацию здоровья людей, животных и экосистем. С целью защиты населения Правительством РФ принята Стратегия предупреждения распространения антимикробной резистентности в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года. Пандемия COVID-19 во всем мире повлияла на распространение инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными бактериями. С одной стороны, ограничения и введенные профилактические меры в связи с пандемией COVID-19, такие как снижение путешествий, дистанцирование, гигиена рук, обработка объектов окружающей среды, способствуют снижению распространения инфекций, с другой — не всегда оправданное применение антибиотиков у пациентов с COVID-19 усугубило угрозу общественному здоровью, обусловленную УПП, и c развитием пандемии во всех странах мира значение резистентности существенно возросло. Устойчивость микроорганизмов к противомикробным препаратам обусловливает потребность совершенствования мер по предупреждению и ограничению распространения и циркуляции возбудителей, обладающих УПП, обеспечения системного мониторинга распространения УПП с изучением механизмов ее возникновения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>microbiological monitoring</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>microbiology</kwd><kwd>CRISPR-Cas nuclease</kwd><kwd>guide RNA</kwd><kwd>CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein complex</kwd><kwd>preamplification</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial resistance (AMR)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>микробиологический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>микробиология</kwd><kwd>CRISPR-Cas нуклеаза</kwd><kwd>направляющая РНК</kwd><kwd>рибонуклеопротеиновый комплекс CRISPR-Cas</kwd><kwd>предварительная амплификация</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам (УПП)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Стратегия предупреждения распространения антимикробной резистентности в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года. 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