Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC17710.15690/vramn.v68i6.672РATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИИCHANGES IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY OF THE BRAIN INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENTИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА, ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ ОБОГАЩЕННОЙ СРЕДОЙKomlevaYu. K.КомлеваЮ. К.
Russian Federation

PhD student, Department of Biochemistry, with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69

yuliakomleva@mail.ruSalminaA. B.СалминаА. Б.
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Biochemistry, with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Vice Rector for Innovative Development and International Activities, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 2280769

allasalmina@mail.ruProkopenkoS. V.ПрокопенкоС. В.
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Nervous Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 274-31-74

s.v.proc.58@mail.ruShestakovaL. A.ШестаковаЛ. А.
Russian Federation

PhD, Assistant Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy named after prof. P.G. Podzolkova, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 220-14-25

Patholog-lan@yandex.ruPetrovaM. M.ПетроваМ. М.
Russian Federation

PhD, Professor, Head of the Polyclinic Therapy Department, Provost for Research, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 220-06-28

stk99@yandex.ruMalinovskayaN. A.МалиновскаяН. А.
Russian Federation

PhD, Research Worker, Scientific Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of the Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69

reg.kgmu@gmail.comLopatinaO. L.ЛопатинаО. Л.
Russian Federation

PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of the Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69

ol.lopatina@gmail.comKrasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian FederationКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого, Российская Федерация19062013686Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук394807082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/177

The review contains current data on structural and functional brain plasticity mechanisms under the enriched environment. Enriched environment contains social and non-social stimuli acting on different aspects of the development and functioning of the brain. Special attention is devoted to the modeling of enriched environment in the experiment. Enriched environment implies the action of social stimuli, new objects, therefore the enriched environment in animals can be considered as an adequate model to study changes in brain structure and function in people during learning or acquiring complex skills. The review describes the theory of enriched environment’s influence on neurogenesis, the neuron-glia relationships, and the impact of enriched environment on damaged brain as well as the possibilities of using the paradigm of enriched environment for neurorehabilitation. Molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission, which has a correlation with the performance of cognitive functions, are the possible target for the action of environmental factors at the brain under (patho)physiological conditions. The considerable progress has been done in understanding the mechanisms that mediate the effects of enriched environment on the brain, but still there are many non-resolved questions in the neurochemistry and neurobiology of this phenomenon. Overall, the experience-induced neuroplasticity is a unique mechanism for the development and recovery of brain functions. It opens new perspectives in neuropharmacology and neurorehabilitation.

В обзоре литературы представлены данные о структурных и функциональных механизмах пластичности головного мозга при воздействии обогащенной среды. Обогащенная среда содержит социальные и несоциальные стимулы, воздействующие на различные аспекты развития и функционирования головного мозга. Особое внимание посвящено моделированию обогащенной среды в эксперименте. Поскольку формирование обогащенной среды подразумевает действие социальных стимулов, новых объектов, поэтому воспроизведение обогащенной среды у животных может считаться адекватной моделью для изучения изменений в структуре мозга и функций, которые происходят при обучении или приобретении сложных профессиональных навыков у человека. Описаны теории влияния обогащенной среды на нейрогенез, нейрон-глиальные взаимоотношения, на поврежденный мозг и возможности использования обогащенной среды при нейрореабилитации. Молекулярные механизмы синаптической передачи, имеющей корреляцию с эффективностью когнитивных функций, являются одной из возможных мишеней действия факторов окружающей среды на мозг в физиологических и патофизиологических условиях. Несмотря на значительный прогресс, достигнутый в понимании механизмов, которые опосредуют эффекты обогащенной среды, в нейрохимии и нейробиологии этого феномена остается много нерешенных проблем. В целом, опыт-индуцированная нейропластичность представляет собой уникальный механизм развития и восстановления головного мозга, применение которого открывает новые перспективы в нейрофармакологии и нейрореабилитации.

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