<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1650</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Study of Anxiety and Depression Factors in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment in COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование факторов тревоги и депрессии у лиц c мягким когнитивным снижением в условиях пандемии COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0596</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9600-0688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>Ольга Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email>drkarpenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7629-5309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syunyakov</surname><given-names>Timur S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюняков</surname><given-names>Тимур Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>sjunja@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nata.osipoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savilov</surname><given-names>Viktor B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савилов</surname><given-names>Виктор Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>vsavilov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7216</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7335-0243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmyshev</surname><given-names>Marat V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмышев</surname><given-names>Марат Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>5086773@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3424-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>Georgy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>Георгий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kgr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zakusov Institute of Pharmakology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-05-26"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1650">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1650</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The COVID-19 pandemic is a major stressor with predictable negative impacts on mental health, especially for vulnerable populations, which include older people. Emotional disorders, a decrease in intellectual, physical, social activity are the risk factors for the development of cognitive decline in older people; in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influence of all these factors is exacerbated. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the level of emotional disorders and factors affecting the emotional state of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the period before the pandemic. Aims: emotional state assessment in patients over 55 years old with MCI during the COVID-19 pandemic and identification of factors influencing the emotional state of these patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional single-center observational study of patients with MCI who applied to the Memory Clinic in the autumn of 2018 (n = 121), 2019 (n = 114), in the autumn of 2020 (n = 70), and in the spring of 2020 (n = 110). Patients were examined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Khachinsky Modified Ischemia Assessment Scale. In 2020, in addition to these scales, a questionnaire “Personal experience of COVID-19 pandemic” was applied to assess the experience associated with the new coronavirus infection. Results: The severity of emotional disorders, assessed by HADS scale, did not differ between groups (F = 0.751; p = 0.522 and F = 0.310; p = 0.818 for the HADS anxiety and depression subscales, respectively). Adjustment for covariates (scores on the Khachinsky and/or MoCA and/or MMSE scales) did not affect the significance of differences between groups on the HADS subscales, regardless of the correction for multiple comparisons. Pathway modeling analysis demonstrated the low ability of the models to predict emotional state based on risk factors (age, gender, Khachinsky score) and cognitive symptoms (MoCA and MMSE scores) — all coefficients r &lt; 0.7. A change in intellectual activity (decrease) and subjective impression of the difficulties obtaining medical care were associated with a higher score on the HADS anxiety scale. Decreased physical health and decreased personal communication were associated with higher scores on the HADS depression scale. Clinically pronounced changes in the emotional state were noted only in relation to anxiety, which depended on the changes in intellectual activity. Conclusions: severity of anxiety and depression was not increased in patients with MCI, regardless of the control of additional factors. No differences were found in the contribution of risk factors (age, gender, vascular and atrophic factors of cognitive decline) and cognitive dysfunction to the formation of emotional disorders in comparing with previous years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold><bold>. </bold>Пандемия COVID-19 является мощным стрессогенным фактором с прогнозируемым отрицательным влиянием на психическое здоровье, в особенности уязвимых групп населения, к которым относятся люди старшего возраста. Эмоциональные нарушения, уменьшение интеллектуальной, физической, социальной активности являются факторами риска развития когнитивного снижения у людей старшего возраста, в ситуации пандемии COVID-19 влияние всех этих факторов усугубляется. В связи с этим представляется актуальным изучить уровень эмоциональных нарушений и факторов, влияющих на эмоциональное состояние пациентов с мягким когнитивным снижением (МКС), в условиях пандемии COVID-19 в сравнении с периодом до пандемии. <bold>Цели исследования </bold>— оценка эмоционального состояния у пациентов старше 55 лет с МКС в период пандемии COVID-19 и выявление факторов, оказывающих влияние на эмоциональное состояние данного контингента пациентов. <bold>Методы.</bold> Поперечное одноцентровое наблюдательное исследование пациентов с МКС, обратившихся в Клинику памяти осенью 2018 (n = 121), 2019 (n = 114), осенью (n = 70) и весной (n = 110) 2020 г. Пациенты проходили обследования с использованием Госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), Шкалы краткой оценки психического состояния (Mini–Mental State Examination, MMSE), Модифицированной шкалы оценки ишемии Хачинского. В 2020 г. пациентам дополнительно к указанным шкалам предъявлялся опросник «Личный опыт в связи с пандемией COVID-19» для оценки опыта, связанного с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Выраженность эмоциональных расстройств, оцененных по шкале HADS, не различались между группами (F = 0,751; p = 0,522 и F = 0,310; p = 0,818 для подшкал тревоги и депрессии HADS соответственно). Поправка на коварианты (баллы по шкалам Хачинского, и/или MoCA, и/или MMSE) не влияла на значимость различий между группами по подшкалам HADS вне зависимости от проведения поправки на множественные сравнения. Анализ моделирования путей продемонстрировал низкую способность моделей в отношении прогноза эмоционального состояния на основании факторов риска (возраст, пол, балл по шкале Хачинского) и когнитивных симптомов (баллы MoCA и MMSE) — все коэффициенты r &lt; 0,7. Изменение интеллектуальной активности (в сторону ее снижения) и субъективное впечатление о трудности получения медицинской помощи ассоциировались с более высоким баллом по шкале тревоги HADS. Ухудшение физического здоровья и уменьшение личного общения были связаны с более высокими баллами по шкале депрессии HADS. Клинически выраженные изменения эмоционального состояния отмечались только в отношении тревоги, которая зависела от фактора изменения интеллектуальной активности. <bold>Заключение. </bold>У пациентов с МКС осенью 2020 г. не выявлено различий по выраженности тревоги и депрессии по сравнению с весной 2020 г. осенью 2018–2019 гг. вне зависимости от контроля дополнительных факторов (баллы по шкалам Хачинского, MoCA, MMSE). Не обнаружено различий во вкладе факторов риска (возраст, пол, сосудистые и атрофические факторы когнитивного снижения) и когнитивной дисфункции в формирование эмоциональных расстройств в сравнении с предыдущими годами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>мягкое когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-04-60546</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gaebel W, Lukies R, Stricker J. COVID-19: сonsequences for mental health and the use of e-Mental health options. Consortium Psychiatricum. 2020;1(1):3–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-3-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Karpenko OA, Syunyakov TS, Kulygina MA, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety, depression and distress – online survey results amid the pandemic in Russia. Consortium Psychiatricum. 2020;1(1):8–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-8-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Rozanov VA, Semenova NV, Vuks AJ, et al. Suicides in the COVID-19 Pandemic — Are We Well Informed Regarding Current Risks and Future Prospects? Consortium Psychiatricum. 2021;2(1):32–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP56</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Santabárbara J, Lipnicki DM, Villagrasa B, et al. Anxiety and risk of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Maturitas. 2019;119:14–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.10.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Liew TM. Subjective cognitive decline, anxiety symptoms, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020;12(1):107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Weisenbach SL, Boore LA, Kales HC. Depression and cognitive impairment in older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):280–288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0278-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Dotson VM, Szymkowicz SM, Kirton JW, et al. Unique and interactive effect of anxiety and depressive symptoms on cognitive and brain function in young and older adults. J Depress Anxiety. 2014;(Suppl 1):22565. doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.S1-003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Au B, Dale-McGrath S, Tierney MC. Sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. 2017;35:176–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Gallagher D, Fischer CE, Iaboni A. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: an update on prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Can J Psychiatry. 2017;62(3):161–169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716648296</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Di Santo SG, Franchini F, Filiputti B, et al. The Effects of COVID-19 and Quarantine Measures on the Lifestyles and Mental Health of People Over 60 at Increased Risk of Dementia. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:578628. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578628</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Lara B, Carnes A, Dakterzada F, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Spanish patients with Alzheimer’s disease during the COVID-19 lockdown. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(9):1744–1747. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14339</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Liu KY, Howard R, Banerjee S, et al. Dementia wellbeing and COVID-19: Review and expert consensus on current research and knowledge gaps. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(11):1597–1639. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5567</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–699. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Zaudig M. A new systematic method of measurement and diagnosis of “mild cognitive impairment” and dementia according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria. Int Psychogeriatr. 1992;4(Suppl 2):203–219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610292001273</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, et al. Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol. 1980;7(5):486–488. doi: https://doi.org10.1002/ana.410070516</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Addinsoft. XLSTAT statistical and data analysis solution. New York, USA; 2021. Available from: https://www.xlstat.com</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Курмышев М.В., Савилов В.Б., Костюк Г.П. Тревожно-депрессивные расстройства у лиц пожилого возраста с явлениями когнитивного снижения // Психическое здоровье. — 2019. — № 9. — С. 25–35. [Kurmyshev MV, Savilov VB, Kostyuk GP. Trevozhno-depressivnye rasstrojstva u lic pozhilogo vozrasta s yavleniyami kognitivnogo snizheniya. Psihicheskoe zdorov’e. 2019;9:25–35. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.25557/2074-014X.2019.09.25-35</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Sturm VE, Yokoyama JS, Seeley WW, et al. Heightened emotional contagion in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with temporal lobe degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(24):9944–9949. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301119110</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Шальнова С.А., Евстифеева С.Е., Деев А.Д., и др. Распространенность тревоги и депрессии в различных регионах Российской Федерации и ее ассоциации с социально-демографическими факторами (по данным исследования ЭССЕ-РФ) // Терапевтический архив. — 2014. — T. 86. — № 12. — C. 53–60. [Shal’nova SA, Evstifeeva SE, Deev AD, i dr. Rasprostranennost’ trevogi i depressii v razlichnyh regionah Rossijskoj Federacii i ee associacii s social’no-demograficheskimi faktorami (po dannym issledovaniya ESSE-RF). Terapevticheskij Arhiv. 2014;12:53–60. (In Russ.)] Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rasprostranennost-trevogi-i-depressii-v-razlichnyh-regionah-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-ee-assotsiatsii-s-sotsialno-demograficheskimi (accessed: 12.07.2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yuan S, Zhang W, Lü W, et al. The psychological impact on patients with memory disorders and their caregivers during COVID-19. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(8):2317–2325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01911-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Elferink MW, van Tilborg I, Kessels RP. Perception of emotions in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia: does intensity matter? Transl Neurosci. 2015;6(1):139–149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Gigi A, Papirovitz M. Association of Anxiety Awareness with Risk Factors of Cognitive Decline in MCI. Brain Sci. 2021;11(2):135. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020135</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Сюняков Т.С., Вельтищев Д.Ю. Рекуррентная депрессия и когнитивные функции: анализ взаимосвязи // Современная терапия психических расстройств. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 18–30. [Syunyakov TS, Vel’tishchev DYu. Rekurrentnaya depressiya i kognitivnye funkcii: analiz vzaimosvyazi. Sovremennaya Terapiya Psihicheskih Rasstrojstv. 2018;(4):18–30. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.21265/PSYPH.2018.47.21786</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Ousset PJ, Vellas B. Viewpoint: Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Clinical and Research Activities of Memory Clinics: An Alzheimer’s Disease Center Facing the Covid-19 Crisis. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2020;7(3):197–198. doi: https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2020.17</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Benaque A, Gurruchaga MJ, Abdelnour C, et al. Dementia Care in Times of COVID-19: Experience at Fundació ACE in Barcelona, Spain. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):33–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200547</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Carrasco JP, Herraiz B, Sanchez LO, et al. COVID-19 lockdown influence in the psychiatric emergencies: Drastic reduction and increase in severe mental disorders. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2021;14(2):117–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2021.05.002</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
