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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn16011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Shift and Night Work in Technology Intensive Environment as a Health Hazard</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риски для здоровья при сменных и ночных режимах труда у работающих в условиях интенсивных технологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-8140</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1272-5072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorokhova</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горохова</surname><given-names>Светлана Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>cafedra2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-2560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atkov</surname><given-names>Oleg Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атьков</surname><given-names>Олег Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>AtkovOYU@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-12-11"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/16011">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/16011</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Flexible workday arrangement is a common management practice in the modern technology intensive society. The impact of shift work in night hours on human health has been a subject of a broad range of fundamental and applied studies in occupational medicine and in other fields. Epidemiological data and a body of research findings suggest that shift workers are prone to various pathologies. This paper summarizes current views on the link between shift and night work and the risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among working population and are therefore a top priority. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present strong evidence that shift workers have a higher risk of malignant tumors (breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer), coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes compared to daytime-only workers. There are, however, individual differences in the risk of NCDs that may depend on the length of employment and other circumstances. Also, factors are discussed that can modify the impact of shift work on the risk of associated pathologies, such as chronotype, changing length of night shifts, proper shift rotation, sufficient rest between shifts, etc. Mechanisms of genetic regulation of individual circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle are a crucial element in the conceptual model of influence of night work on body. Insufficient adaptation and plasticity of the circadian system may cause desynchronization between external time and inner biorhythms in shift workers; this is accompanied with changes in circadian genes expression and may lead to pathologies. If disturbed circadian rhythms are the main factor of etiopathogenesis, the term “circadian-related disease” should be used. Deep understanding of the link between circadian desynchronosis and health problems in shift workers is important to implement ‘circadian safety’ measures, i.e. to protect workers from negative consequences of disturbed individual biorhythms that may affect their work capacities and life quality. This will require standard protocols to study circadian disturbances, standard tools and methods to diagnose circadian rhythms in workers, resolving issues of interpretation in respect of occupational capacity, research on proneness and tolerance of workers to circadian-related problems, finding pharmacological and physical approaches to reduce circadian disturbances, considering special aspects of drug therapy of desynchronosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В современном обществе интенсивных технологий в производственной деятельности распространена организация труда с изменением структуры рабочего дня. Воздействие на человека сменных режимов с ночными часами работы является предметом широкого спектра тем фундаментальных и прикладных исследований, включая медицину труда. Комплекс работ разного уровня, эпидемиологические данные демонстрируют разнообразные патологические изменения у сменных работников. Цель данной статьи — рассмотрение научных представлений о взаимосвязи сменной и ночной работы с риском возникновения хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ), которые имеют приоритетное значение, так как являются ведущими причинами заболеваемости и смертности трудоспособного населения. По данным систематических обзоров и метаанализов, имеются убедительные доказательства высокого риска злокачественных опухолей (рака молочной железы, предстательной железы, колоректального рака), ишемической болезни сердца, сахарного диабета 2 типа среди сменных работников в сравнении с работающими только днем. Однако обращается внимание на межиндивидуальные различия рисков ХНИЗ у сменных работников, зависимость величины риска от стажа и других обстоятельств. Вместе с тем обсуждаются факторы, модифицирующие влияние сменной работы на риски ассоциированной патологии: хронотип человека, изменение продолжительности ночных смен, правильная ротация графиков, достаточное время межсменного отдыха и др. В концептуальной модели влияния сменной работы с ночным трудом на состояние организма ключевое место занимают генетически детерминированные механизмы регуляции естественных индивидуальных циркадных ритмов человека, цикла «сон–бодрствование». При недостаточной адаптации, пластичности циркадной системы у сменных работников возникает рассогласование природного суточного и внутренних биоритмов, сопровождающееся изменениями экспрессии циркадных генов, что способно вызывать патологические состояния. Терминологически заболевания, при которых нарушения циркадных ритмов являются ведущими в этиопатогенезе, обозначают как циркадные (circadian-related). Осмысление нарушений здоровья у сменных работников как потенциально связанных с циркадным десинхронозом важно с точки зрения обеспечения «циркадной безопасности», направленной на защищенность работников от негативных последствий нарушений индивидуальных биоритмов, поддержание устойчивого состояния жизнедеятельности и работоспособности человека. Это подразумевает разработку единых протоколов изучения циркадных расстройств, стандартов инструментальной и аппаратурной диагностики состояния циркадных ритмов у работающих, решение вопросов интерпретации данных с позиции профессиональной трудоспособности, изучение уязвимости и устойчивости работников к заболеваниям, ассоциированным с циркадными расстройствами, определение медикаментозных и физических средств и методов снижения циркадных нарушений, а также особенностей приема лекарственных средств у лиц с наличием десинхроноза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health hazards</kwd><kwd>occupational risk factors</kwd><kwd>shift work</kwd><kwd>circadian rhythms</kwd><kwd>chronotype</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>риски для здоровья</kwd><kwd>профессиональные риски, сменная работа, циркадный ритм, хронотип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Working conditions in a global perspective. 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