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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15999</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn15999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Innovative Technologies in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инновационные технологии в детской нейроонкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7890-1419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Галина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email>gnovichkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-5216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papusha</surname><given-names>Ludmila I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папуша</surname><given-names>Людмила Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>ludmila.mur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9072-9427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>Dr-Drui@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D. Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>483</fpage><lpage>491</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/15999">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/15999</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At the present time pediatric neuro-oncology develops rapidly mostly due to the deep understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of the brain tumors in children, widespread introduction of molecular genetic technologies into diagnostic workflow and emergence of targeted therapeutic agents directing to the neoplastic cells. Many tumor entities undistinguishable at the level of histopathology were classified by the molecular techniques and now present as unique disorders. Clinical heterogeneity unraveled by molecular classification is a basis for modern risk stratification approaches. Variety of new tumor entities were discovered only because of implementation of advanced molecular diagnostics, which led to identification of the recurrent genetic aberration in neuroepithelial tumors with BCOR and PATZ1 genes alteration, intracranial mesenchymal tumors with FET-CREB rearrangements. The discovery of the targetable molecular drivers in gliomas allows the introduction of targeted therapies to the pediatric neuro-oncology with high results unreachable by other methods. In the current article we describe the experience of D. Rogachev National Medical Research Center in molecular diagnostics of pediatric brain tumors and targeted therapy in patients with different types of gliomas.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последние годы детская нейроонкология переживает бурное развитие, причинами которого стали значительный прогресс в понимании этиопатогенеза опухолей центральной нервной системы (ЦНС), внедрение молекулярно-генетических исследований в диагностический процесс, а также появление препаратов таргетной терапии, избирательно действующих на опухолевые клетки. Многие опухоли головного мозга, неотличимые на уровне гистопатологии, были классифицированы с использованием молекулярных методов на клинически значимые группы, что легло в основу современных подходов к стратификации пациентов на группы риска. Были открыты новые нозологические формы, основным признаком которых является наличие рекуррентного молекулярно-генетического драйвера: нейроэпителиальные опухоли с аберрациями в генах BCOR, PATZ1, интракраниальные мезенхимальные опухоли с перестройкой генов семейств FET-CREB. Обнаружение молекулярных механизмов развития глиом, являющихся мишенями для фармакологического воздействия, открыло эру таргетной терапии в нейроонкологии, результаты которой оказались значительно выше, чем результаты использовавшихся ранее методов лечения. В статье описывается опыт Национального медицинского исследовательского центра детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии (НМИЦ ДГОИ) им. Д. Рогачева Минздрава России в области молекулярной диагностики опухолей ЦНС у детей, а также применения молекулярно-направленной терапии у пациентов с глиомами различной степени злокачественности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuro-oncology</kwd><kwd>pediatric brain tumors</kwd><kwd>integrated histo-molecular diagnosis</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроонкология</kwd><kwd>опухоли ЦНС у детей</kwd><kwd>интегрированный гистомолекулярный диагноз</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Благотворительный фонд «Наука-Детям»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Charitable Foundation “Science for Children”</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. 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