<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1587</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1587</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИ И СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic Significance and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Increasing the Levels of Cardiospecific Troponins in Biological Fluids in Arterial Hypertension (Literature Review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическая значимость и патофизиологические механизмы повышения уровней кардиоспецифических тропонинов в биологических жидкостях при артериальной гипертензии (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-0227</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6506421183</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1107-0875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaulin</surname><given-names>Aleksey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаулин</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач</p></bio><email>alekseymichailovich22976@gmail.com</email><uri>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aleksey-Chaulin</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara Regional Cardiology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-04-18"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1587">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1587</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Improved laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) with increased sensitivity (hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI), recently introduced into clinical practice, have opened up a number of new promising areas for research with the aim of further expanding diagnostic capabilities for the subsequent use of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI in modern clinical practice. It has been shown that with the use of the highly sensitive methods, even the most insignificant and reversible damage to cardiomyocytes (for example, during physical exertion, psychoemotional stress, and other conditions) is accompanied by diagnostically significant increases in hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI levels. The introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays also changed a number of ideas about the biology of cardiac troponins, for example, they are no longer considered strictly intracellular molecules, since they are determined in all healthy patients and, accordingly, they can be considered as products of normal metabolism of cardiomyocytes when they appear in blood serum in small concentrations (less than 99 percentile). In addition to the accelerated acute myocardial infarction diagnosis, hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI have a high predictive value in a number of pathological conditions that cause non-ischemic cardiomyocytes damage. Currently, the possibility of using hs-Tn in the early stages of pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease or in patients with certain risk factors (for example, arterial hypertension) to assess the risk of possible short-term and long-term adverse cardiovascular events draws an enormous interest. The purpose of this article is to analyze the prognostic significance of highly sensitive cardiospecific troponins in patients suffering from arterial hypertension, to summarize and discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyocyte damage and increased levels of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI in these patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Недавно внедренные в клиническую практику улучшенные методы лабораторного определения сердечных тропонинов (cTnT и cTnI), обладающие повышенной чувствительностью (hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI), открыли ряд новых перспективных направлений исследований с целью последующего расширения диагностических возможностей использования hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI в современной клинической практике. Было показано, что при использовании высокочувствительных методов даже самые незначительные и обратимые повреждения кардиомио-цитов (например, при физических нагрузках, психоэмоциональных стрессах и других состояниях) сопровождаются диагностически значимыми повышениями уровней hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI. Введение высокочувствительных методов исследований также изменило ряд представлений о биологии сердечных тропонинов, например, они перестали считаться строго внутриклеточными молекулами, поскольку определяются у всех здоровых пациентов и, соответственно, при появлении в сыворотке крови в небольших концентрациях (менее 99-го перцентиля) могут рассматриваться в качестве продуктов нормального метаболизма кардиомиоцитов. Помимо ускоренной диагностики острого инфаркта миокарда, hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI имеют высокую прогностическую ценность при ряде патологических состояний, вызывающих неишемическое повреждение кардиомиоцитов. В настоящее время особый интерес вызывает возможность использования hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI на ранних этапах патогенеза кардиоваскулярных заболеваний или у пациентов, имеющих определенные факторы риска (например, артериальную гипертензию), для оценки риска развития возможных кратко- и долгосрочных неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных событий. Цель статьи — проанализировать прогностическую значимость высокочувствительных кардиоспецифических тропонинов у пациентов, страдающих гипертензией, обобщить и обсудить возможные патофизиологические механизмы повреждения кардиомиоцитов и повышения уровней hs-cTnT и hs-cTnI у данных пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Troponin T</kwd><kwd>Troponin I</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd><kwd>blood pressure</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тропонин Т</kwd><kwd>тропонин I</kwd><kwd>методы</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM. Cardiac troponins: current information on the main analytical characteristics of determination methods and new diagnostic possibilities. Medwave. 2021;21(11):e8498. doi: https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.11.002132</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1289–1367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Punukollu G, Gowda RM, Khan IA, et al. Elevated serum cardiac troponin I in rhabdomyolysis. Int J Cardiol. 2004;96(1):35–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.04.053</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ricchiutti V, Apple FS. RNA expression of cardiac troponin T isoforms in diseased human skeletal muscle. Clin Chem. 1999;45(12):2129–2135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.12.2129</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Messner B, Baum H, Fischer P, et al. Expression of messenger RNA of the cardiac isoforms of troponin T and I in myopathic skeletal muscle. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114(4):544–549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1309/8KCL-UQRF-6EEL-36XK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Schmid J, Liesinger L, Birner-Gruenberger R, et al. Elevated Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Skeletal Myopathies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(14):1540–1549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Дупляков Д.В., Чаулин А.М. Мутации сердечных тропонинов, ассоциированные с кардиомиопатиями // Кардиология: новости, мнения, обучение. — 2019. — Т. 7. — № 3. — С. 8–17. [Duplyakov DV, Chaulin AM. Mutations of heart troponines, associated with cardiomyopathies. Kardiologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. Cardiology: News, Opinions, Training. 2019;7(3):8–17. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.24411/2309-1908-2019-13001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM. Elevation Mechanisms and Diagnostic Consideration of Cardiac Troponins under Conditions Not Associated with Myocardial Infarction. Part 1. Life (Basel). 2021;11(9):914. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090914</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Чаулин А.М., Абашина О.Е., Дупляков Д.В. Высокочувствительные сердечные тропонины (hs-Tn): методы определения и основные аналитические характеристики // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. — 2021. — Т. 20. — № 2. — С. 2590. [Chaulin AM, Abashina OE, Duplyakov DV. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins: detection and central analytical characteristics. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(2):2590. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2590</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Executive Group on behalf of the Joint European Society of Cardiology (ESC) / American College of Cardiology (ACC) / American Heart Association (AHA) / World Heart Federation (WHF) Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Glob Heart. 2018;13(4):305–338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2018.08.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM. Main analytical characteristics of laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponins: A review from the historical and modern points of view. Orv Hetil. 2022;163(1):12–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32296</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Garcia-Osuna A, Gaze D, Grau-Agramunt M, et al. Ultrasensitive quantification of cardiac troponin I by a Single Molecule Counting method: Analytical validation and biological features. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;486:224–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.08.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM. Cardiac Troponins Metabolism: From Biochemical Mechanisms to Clinical Practice (Literature Review). Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(20):10928. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010928</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Haeckel R. The influence of age and other biological variables on the estimation of reference limits of cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(5):685–687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-1082</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Bohn MK, Higgins V, Kavsak P, et al. High-Sensitivity Generation 5 Cardiac Troponin T Sex- and Age-Specific 99th Percentiles in the CALIPER Cohort of Healthy Children and Adolescents. Clin Chem. 2019;65(4):589–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.299156</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Duplyakov DV. On the potential effect of circadian rhythms of cardiac troponins on the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Signa Vitae. 2021;17(3)79–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.22514/sv.2021.050</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Duplyakova PD, Duplyakov DV. Circadian rhythms of cardiac troponins: Mechanisms and clinical significance. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3S):4061. doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4061</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Sigurdardottir FD, Lyngbakken MN, Holmen OL, et al. Relative Prognostic Value of Cardiac Troponin I and C-Reactive Protein in the General Population (from the Nord-Trøndelag Health [HUNT] Study). Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(8):949–955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.01.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Duplyakov DV. MicroRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Aspects and Potential Biomarkers. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2020;10(3):198–205. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article10(3)_RA3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ukena C, Kindermann M, Mahfoud F, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic validity of different biomarkers in patients with suspected myocarditis. Clin Res Cardiol. 2014;103(9):743–751. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-014-0709-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Abashina OE, Duplyakov DV. Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapeutic agents. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2020;9:e0305. doi: https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2020.0305</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Чаулин А.М., Дупляков Д.В. Аритмогенные эффекты доксорубицина // Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. — 2020. — Т. 9. — № 3. — С. 69–80. [Chaulin AM, Duplyakov DV. Arrhythmogenic effects of doxorubicin. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;9(3):69–80. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-3-69-80</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Everett BM, Brooks MM, Vlachos HE, et al. BARI 2D Study Group. Troponin and Cardiac Events in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(7):610–620. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415921</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Samaha E, Brown J, Brown F, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T increases after stress echocardiography. Clin Biochem. 2019;63:18–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.11.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Omland T, Aakre KM. Cardiac Troponin Increase after Endurance Exercise. Circulation. 2019;140(10):815–818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042131</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Pierce GN. Alarming Prevalence of Emergency Hypertension Levels in the General Public Identified by a Hypertension Awareness Campaign. Am J Hypertens. 2017;30(3):236–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpw136</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Lindner G, Pfortmueller CA, Braun CT, et al. Non-acute myocardial infarction-related causes of elevated high-sensitive troponin T in the emergency room: A cross-sectional analysis. Intern Emerg Med. 2014;9(3):335–339. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-013-1030-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Long B, Long DA, Tannenbaum L, et al. An emergency medicine approach to troponin elevation due to causes other than occlusion myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(5):998–1006. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.12.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Masri W, Le Guillou E, Hamdi E, et al. Troponin elevation in other conditions than acute coronary syndromes. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2017;75(4):411–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1684/abc.2017.1262</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Harvell B, Henrie N, Ernst AA, et al. The meaning of elevated troponin I levels: Not always acute coronary syndromes. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(2):145–148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Afonso L, Bandaru H, Rathod A, et al. Prevalence, determinants, and clinical significance of cardiac troponin-I elevation in individuals admitted for a hypertensive emergency. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13(8):551–556. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00476.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Papadopoulos DP, Sanidas EA, Viniou NA, et al. Cardiovascular hypertensive emergencies. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015;17(2):5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-014-0515-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021–3104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Acosta G, Amro A, Aguilar R, et al. Clinical Determinants of Myocardial Injury, Detectable and Serial Troponin Levels among Patients with Hypertensive Crisis. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6787. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6787</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Pattanshetty DJ, Bhat PK, Aneja A, et al. Elevated troponin predicts long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive crisis: A retrospective study. J Hypertens. 2012;30(12):2410–2415. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283599b4f</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Talha Ayub M, Torres C, Del Cid J, et al. The prognostic significance of highly sensitive cardiac troponin i elevation in patients presenting with hypertensive crisis. Circulation. 2019;140:A16333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.140.suppl_1.16333</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Omondi A, Villablanca Spinetto P, Kargoli F, et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac troponin-T elevation in patients admitted with hypertensive crises. JACC. 2017;69:1803. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(17)35192-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>de Lemos JA, Drazner MH, Omland T, et al. Association of troponin T detected with a highly sensitive assay and cardiac structure and mortality risk in the general population. JAMA. 2010;304(22):2503–2512. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1768</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>McEvoy JW, Chen Y, Nambi V, et al. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Risk of Hypertension. Circulation. 2015;132(9):825–833. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014364</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Uçar H, Gür M, Kivrak A, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with different left ventricle geometry. Blood Press. 2014;23(4):240–247. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/08037051.2013.840429</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng W, Li B, Kajstura J, et al. Stretch-induced programmed myocyte cell death. J Clin Invest. 1995;96(5):2247–2259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118280</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Singh K, Xiao L, Remondino A, Sawyer DB, et al. Adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2001;189(3):257–265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.10024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Dalal S, Connelly B, Singh M, et al. NF2 signaling pathway plays a pro-apoptotic role in β-adrenergic receptor stimulated cardiac myocyte apoptosis. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196626. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196626</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Weil B., Suzuki G, Young RF, et al. Troponin release and reversible left ventricular dysfunction after transient pressure overload. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(25):2906–2916. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Feng J, Schaus BJ, Fallavollita JA, et al. Preload induces troponin I degradation independently of myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2001;103(16):2035–2037. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.103.16.2035</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM. Phosphorylation and Fragmentation of the Cardiac Troponin T: Mechanisms, Role in Pathophysiology and Laboratory Diagnosis. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2021;11(3):250–259. doi: https://doi.org/10.21103/Article11(3)_RA2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Maekawa A, Lee J-K, Nagaya T, et al. Overexpression of calpastatin by gene transfer prevents troponin I degradation and ameliorates contractile dysfunction in rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2003;35(10):1277–1284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(03)00238-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Katrukha IA, Kogan AE, Vylegzhanina AV, et al. Thrombin-Mediated Degradation of Human Cardiac Troponin T. Clin Chem. 2017;63(6):1094–1100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.266635</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Derhaschnig U, Testori C, Riedmueller E, et al. Hypertensive emergencies are associated with elevated markers of inflammation, coagulation, platelet activation and fibrinolysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2013;27(6):368–373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2012.53</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Lazzarino AI, Hamer M, Gaze D, et al. The association between cortisol response to mental stress and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T plasma concentration in healthy adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(18):1694–1701. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Hessel MHМ, Atsma DE, van der Valk EJМ, et al. Release of cardiac troponin I from viable cardiomyocytes is mediated by integrin stimulation. Pflugers Arch. 2008;455(6):979–986. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-007-0354-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Dubin RF, Li Y, He J, et al. CRIC Study Investigators. Predictors of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T in chronic kidney disease patients: A cross-sectional study in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC). BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-14-229</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Ziebig R, Lun A, Hocher B, et al. Renal elimination of troponin T and troponin I. Clin Chem. 2003;49(7):1191–1193. doi: https://doi.org/10.1373/49.7.1191</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Pervan P, Svaguša T, Prkacin I, et al. Urine high sensitive Troponin I measuring in patients with hypertension. Signa Vitae. 2017;13:62–64. doi: https://doi.org/10.22514/SV133.062017.13</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Chen J-Y, Lee S-Y, Li Y-H, et al. Urine High-Sensitivity Troponin I Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med. 2020;9(12):3917. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123917</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Potkonjak AM, Rudman SS, Gabaj NN, et al. Urinary troponin concentration as a marker of cardiac damage in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:110252. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110252</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Muslimovic A, Fridén V, Tenstad O, et al. The Liver and Kidneys mediate clearance of cardiac troponin in the rat. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):6791. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63744-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Rahman S, Islam S, Haque T, et al. Association between serum liver enzymes and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01411-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Gore MO, Seliger SL, Defilippi CR, et al. Age- and sex-dependent upper reference limits for the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(14):1441–1448. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Jeremias A, Gibson CM. Narrative review: alternative causes for elevated cardiac troponin levels when acute coronary syndromes are excluded. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(9):786–791. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Duplyakova PD, Bikbaeva GR, et al. Concentration of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in the oral fluid in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A pilot study. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(12):3814. doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3814</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Karslyan LS, Bazyuk EV, et al. Clinical and Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Markers in Human Biological Fluids. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(11):66–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.11.n414</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Chaulin AM, Duplyakov DV. Increased natriuretic peptides not associated with heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25:4140. doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4140</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Joharimoghadam A, Tajdini M, Bozorgi A. Salivary B-type natriuretic peptide: A new method for heart failure diagnosis and follow-up. Kardiol Pol. 2017;75(1):71–77. doi: https://doi.org/10.5603/KP.a2016.0097</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
