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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15828</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn15828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Primary Immunodeficiency with the PI3K Delta Activation: Clinical Features and Prospective Therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первичный иммунодефицит с активацией PI3K дельта: клиника и перспективы терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6545-1435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>selina-katya1998@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-4939</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6759-0031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор РАН</p></bio><email>shcher26@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>492</fpage><lpage>497</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-20"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/15828">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/15828</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary immunodeficiency (PID) constitute a polymorphic group of genetic life-threatening disorders. APDS (activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ) represents a rare PID caused by monoallelic gain of function defects in the PIK3CD gene, or monoallelic loss of function defects in the PIK3R1 and PTEN genes. Disease symptoms usually manifest early in life and include recurrent bacterial infections, non-malignant and malignant lymphoproliferation, persistent herpes virus infections and a whole spectrum of autoimmune manifestations. Immunological features include T and B lymphocytes defects. APDS treatment including immunoglobulin substitution and immunosuppression does not always lead to complete remission of the disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative option leading to disease resolution in 75–80% of the patients. In 2023 FDA approved leniolisib — selective PI3Kδ inhibitor — for APDS treatment. In the clinical trial the preparation demonstrated safety and efficacy for the patients with APDS ages 12 and above. Approval of the drug created specifically to treat this rare variant of PID opens a new era of the targeted treatment for the patients with this orphan disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Первичные иммунодефициты представляют собой группу разнородных генетически обусловленных жизнеугрожающих состояний. Один из них — синдром активированной PI3-киназы дельта (PI3Kδ) — вызван моноаллельными патогенными вариантами с усилением функции в гене PIK3CD с потерей функции в генах PIK3R1 и PTEN. Как правило, симптомы заболевания манифестируют в раннем детском возрасте и включают рецидивирующие бактериальные инфекции дыхательных путей, доброкачественную и злокачественную лимфопролиферацию, персистирующие герпесвирусные инфекции и различные аутоиммунные нарушения. Иммунологические проявления гетерогенны и включают аномалии как Т-клеточного звена, так и В-лимфоцитов. Ранее проводимая пациентам с APDS заместительная и иммуносупрессивная терапия не всегда приводила к разрешению симптомов заболевания, а куративная опция в виде трансплантации гематопоэтических стволовых клеток имеет лишь 75–80%-ю эффективность. Одобренный в 2023 г. к применению при APDS препарат лениолисиб — селективный ингибитор PI3Kδ — показал свою эффективность и безопасность при данной патологии. Появление на рынке препарата, созданного специально для лечения редкого варианта первичных иммунодефицитов, открывает новую эру лечения не только APDS, но и всей группы этой орфанной патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>APDS</kwd><kwd>activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ</kwd><kwd>leniolisib</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>APDS</kwd><kwd>синдром активированной PI3-киназы дельта</kwd><kwd>лениолисиб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, et al. Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. 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