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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1557</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Functional Characteristics of Secondary Geographic Atrophy Against the Background of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-функциональные характеристики вторичной географической атрофии на фоне экссудативной возрастной макулярной дегенерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5214-4134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>sekr@igb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8838-3997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>visionlab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-2746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroeva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероева</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nneroeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-0374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Katargina</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаргина</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>katargina@igb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-7919</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9329-0609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Losanova</surname><given-names>Oksana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лосанова</surname><given-names>Оксана Арсеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>oksana_losanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-8695</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6928-5676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabina</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябина</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н, с.н.с.</p></bio><email>mryabina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-8517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapenko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапенко</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с.</p></bio><email>sunvision@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>384</fpage><lpage>393</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-10-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1557">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1557</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Studies demonstrate the need for long-term follow-up of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with inhibitors of angiogenesis to monitor long-term vision outcomes and assess the safety of antiangiogenic therapy in relation to the risk of secondary geographic atrophy. </p> <p><bold>Aims</bold> — to determine the characteristic clinical and functional signs of secondary GA that developed against the background of wet AMD. </p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> In 22 patients (25 eyes) with wet AMD and 18 healthy subjects comparable in age and sex standard ophthalmological and instrumental studies were performed and photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded according to ISCEV standards, flicker-ERGs, multifocal ERGs and electrooculogram. </p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The appearance of the area of secondary atrophy against the background of wet AMD in eyes treated with inhibitors of angiogenesis is clinically indistinguishable from areas of geographic atrophy that developed as an outcome of dry AMD. The ERG-signs of secondary atrophy are described, which are similar to the biomarkers of primary atrophy and specifically differ from them. Secondary atrophy is characterized by the dependence of the increase in the b/a ratio on the atrophic area, reducing of the 8.3 Hz-flicker-ERG amplitude in the absence of 24 Hz-flicker ERG changes. In eyes with secondary atrophy, a significant decrease in the density of the multifocal ERG P1-peak was shown not only in the first hexagon but also in the parafoveal zone. The electrooculography results showed a sharper dark trough’s decrease in with an increase in Arden’s ratio in patients with secondary atrophya on the background of wet AMD, in contrast to the previously described changes in primary geographic atrophy. </p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Comparison of the change in the b/a ratio with secondary atrophy area in patients with wet AMD may have clinical implications for assessing retinal dysfunction and predicting visual function. Secondary atrophy is associated with a pronounced inhibition of photoreceptor activity with better preservation of cone bipolar cells. The ERG and electrooculography data taking together indicate a more significant dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium in GA against the background of wet AMD and the associated deterioration of photoreceptor function than the changes characterizing primary geographic atrophy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Исследования демонстрируют необходимость длительного наблюдения пациентов с влажной формой возрастной макулярной дегенерации (ВМД), получавших ингибиторы ангиогенеза, для контроля долгосрочных результатов зрительных функций и оценки безопасности антиангиогенной терапии относительно риска развития вторичной географической атрофии. </p> <p><bold>Цель исследования —</bold> определить характерные клинико-функциональные признаки вторичной атрофии, развившейся на фоне влажной ВМД.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> У 22 пациентов (25 глаз) с влажной ВМД и 18 здоровых лиц, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу, проводили стандартные офтальмологические и инструментальные исследования и регистрировали фотопические электроретинограммы (ЭРГ) по стандартам ISCEV, ритмические ЭРГ, мультифокальную ЭРГ и электроокулограмму.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Внешний вид области вторичной атрофии на фоне влажной ВМД в глазах, получавших лечение ингибиторами ангиогенеза, клинически неотличим от областей атрофии, развившейся как исход сухой формы ВМД. Описаны ЭРГ-признаки вторичной атрофии, сходные с биомаркерами первичной географической атрофии и специфически отличающиеся от них. Вторичную атрофию характеризует возрастание индекса b/a, зависимого от зоны атрофии, угнетение амплитуды ритмической ЭРГ частотой 8,3 Гц при отсутствии изменений ритмической ЭРГ на 24 Гц. В глазах с вторичной атрофией существенно снижалась плотность пика Р1 мультифокальной ЭРГ не только в первом гексагоне, но и в зоне парафовеа. Результаты электроокулографии показали более резкое снижение темнового спада с возрастанием отношения Ардена у больных с атрофией на фоне влажной ВМД — в отличие от ранее описанных изменений при первичной географической атрофии. </p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Сравнение изменений индекса b/a с площадью вторичной атрофии у пациентов с влажной ВМД может иметь клиническое значение для оценки нарушений функции сетчатки и прогноза зрительных функций. Вторичная атрофия ассоциируется с выраженным угнетением активности фоторецепторов при лучшей сохранности колбочковых биполярных клеток. Данные ЭРГ и электроокулографии говорят о более значительном нарушении функции пигментного эпителия сетчатки при атрофии на фоне влажной ВМД и связанном с ним ухудшением активности фоторецепторов, чем ранее описанные изменения, характеризующие первичную географическую атрофию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>geographic atrophy</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis inhibitors</kwd><kwd>electroretinography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>вторичная географическая атрофия</kwd><kwd>ингибитор ангиогенеза</kwd><kwd>электроретинография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. 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