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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1505</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1505</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of the COVID-19 Epidemiological Situation in the Russian Federation in 2020</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Российской Федерации в 2020 г.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4038-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., академик РАН</p></bio><email>akimkin@pcr.ms</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-9777</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1372-7623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>Stanislav N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>Станислав Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>drkuzin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8375-2270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семененко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>semenenko@gamaleya.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1889</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1364-1257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ploskireva</surname><given-names>Antonina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоскирева</surname><given-names>Антонина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>zdk@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-5731</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4860-7909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubodelov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубоделов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с.</p></bio><email>dubodelov@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-2612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tivanova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тиванова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tivan@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5633-7265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichcnaya</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничная</surname><given-names>Наталья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>pshenichnaya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-1155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalenskaya</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каленская</surname><given-names>Анна Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kalenskaya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-941X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7156-2948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyshina</surname><given-names>Svetlana B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцышина</surname><given-names>Светлана Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Senior Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с.</p></bio><email>svetlana.yatsyshina@pcr.ms</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-6772</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9235-1239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulina</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулина</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>olga.shipulina@pcr.ms</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-1832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>rodionova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-555X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Natalya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>petrova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>soloviovaiv@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-1804</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2082-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvasova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квасова</surname><given-names>Ольга Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kvasova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>Марина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vershinina@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-7807</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7123-8874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamoshina</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамошина</surname><given-names>Марина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior research associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с.</p></bio><email>grya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8008-7924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klushkina</surname><given-names>Vitalina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клушкина</surname><given-names>Виталина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>klishkina@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-8577</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6487-9964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavceva</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н.</p></bio><email>kudravtseva@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-5829</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8657-9687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>Надежда Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>churilova@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-4953</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8983-7979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panasyuk</surname><given-names>Yarina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панасюк</surname><given-names>Ярина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>panasyuk@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-1483</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1933-5968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasenko</surname><given-names>Natal'ya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlasenko@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroushko</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроушко</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ostroushko@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-2441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balmasov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балмасов</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>balmasov@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-3650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosunov</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосунов</surname><given-names>Артем Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mosunov@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After the Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>412</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-10-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1505">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1505</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The COVID-19 epidemic in the Russian Federation, which began in March 2020, caused serious damage to health of the population and led to severe economic losses. By December 28, 2020, 3 078 035 cases of COVID-19 and 55 265 lethal outcomes were registered in the country. The population of all territorial subjects of the country is involved in the epidemic process of COVID-19. The severe epidemiological situation made it necessary to conduct an analysis to identify the factors that determine the high intensity of the epidemic process, as well as the population groups with the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Aims</bold> — to study the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread and the epidemiological features of the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian Federation in 2020.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> An epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 situation in the Russian Federation was carried out to determine the dynamics of morbidity, the gender proportion and age structure of patients, the proportion of hospitalized patients, the ratio of various forms of infection, the social and professional status of patients. Standard methods of descriptive statistics Microsoft Excel and STATISTICA 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) were used for statistical processing. The mean values were estimated with a 95% confidence interval [95% CI] (the exact Klopper – Pearson method).<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> During the observation time (2020), several periods were identified in the dynamics of the new COVID-19 cases detection: the period of importation of SARS-CoV-2 and the increase in morbidity, the period of epidemic decline, the period of autumn growth, the period of sustained high incidence of COVID-19. It was found that people over 70 years of age are the group with the highest risk of infection and a more severe course of COVID-19. The presence of target contingents among social and professional groups of the population, which should include medical workers, retired person, employees of educational institutions, law enforcement agencies, transport, who require special attention and medical and social support, was shown.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>The analysis showed that the large-scale spread of COVID-19 requires in-depth epidemiological studies and the development of additional disease control measures, taking into account the dynamics of the incidence of this socially significant infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Эпидемия COVID-19 в Российской Федерации, начавшись в марте 2020 г., нанесла серьезнейший ущерб здоровью населения и привела к тяжелым экономическим потерям. К 28 декабря 2020 г. в стране зарегистрировано 3 078 035 случая COVID-19 и 55 265 летальных исходов. В эпидемический процесс COVID-19 вовлечено население всех субъектов Российской Федерации. Тяжелая эпидемиологическая ситуация в стране обусловила необходимость проведения анализа с выявлением факторов, определяющих высокую интенсивность эпидемического процесса, а также групп населения с наиболее высоким риском инфицирования SARS-CoV-2.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить закономерности распространения SARS-CoV-2 и эпидемиологические особенности начального этапа пандемии COVID-19 в Российской Федерации в 2020 г.<bold> </bold></p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведен эпидемиологический анализ ситуации по COVID-19 в Российской Федерации с определением динамики заболеваемости, гендерной пропорции и возрастной структуры заболевших, удельного веса госпитализированных пациентов, соотношения различных форм инфекции, социального и профессионального статуса заболевших. Для статистической обработки использованы стандартные методы описательной статистики Microsoft Excel и STATISTICA 12.0 (StatSoft, США). Средние значения оценивали с учетом 95% доверительного интервала [95% ДИ] (по точному методу Клоппера–Пирсона). </p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За время наблюдения (2020 г.) выделено несколько периодов в динамике выявления новых случаев COVID-19: период завоза SARS-CoV-2 и роста заболеваемости, период эпидемического затишья, период осеннего подъема, период устойчиво высокого уровня заболеваемости COVID-19. Установлено, что лица старше 70 лет являются группой с наиболее высоким риском заражения и более тяжелым течением COVID-19. Показано наличие целевых контингентов среди социальных и профессиональных групп населения, к числу которых следует отнести медицинских работников, пенсионеров, работников образовательных учреждений, правоохранительных органов, транспорта, которые требуют особого внимания и медико-социальной поддержки. </p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведенный анализ показал, что масштабное распространение COVID-19 требует проведения углубленных эпидемиологических исследований и разработки дополнительных противоэпидемических мероприятий с учетом динамики заболеваемости этой социально значимой инфекцией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>epidemiological patterns</kwd><kwd>gender-age proportion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологические закономерности</kwd><kwd>гендерно-возрастная пропорция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Акимкин В.Г., Кузин С.Н., Семененко Т.А., и др. 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