Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC145910.15690/vramn1459ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИReview ArticleRisk Factors in Cancer PatientsФакторы риска тромбозов у онкологических больныхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-27787423-8944SlukhanchukEkaterina V.СлуханчукЕкатерина Викторовна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

beloborodova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-10425930-0859BitsadzeVictoria O.БицадзеВиктория Омаровна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

vikabits@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-42566960-9405TyanAnatoly G.ТянАнатолий Геннадьевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

tag-75@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-96868225-4976KhizroevaJamilya Kh.ХизроеваДжамиля Хизриевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

jamatotu@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-08041463-0065TretyakovaMaria V.ТретьяковаМария Владимировна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

к.м.н.

tretyakova777@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-23866505479504Q-1385-20155278-0465SolopovaAntonina G.СолоповаАнтонина Григорьевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

antoninasolopova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8326-556XMuyangMengМуянМен
Russian Federation

PhD Student

аспирант

mmy88888@163.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-1368ElalamyIsmailЭлаламиИсмаил
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

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ismail.elalamy@aphp.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-99107005114260GrisJean-ChristopheГриЖан-Кристоф
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor

профессор

jean.christophe.gris@chu-nimes.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2607-9717AyCihanАйСихан
Austria

Department of Medicine, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, MD, Professor

Клиническое отделение гематологии и гемостазиологии, Университетская клиника внутренней медицины, профессор

cihan.ay@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-46337538-2966MakatsariaAleksander D.МакацарияАлександр Давидович
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

gemostasis@mail.ruhttps://internist.ru/lectors/detail/makatsariya-/Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryРоссийский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. ПетровскогоI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)“Medical Center” LLCООО «Лечебный Центр»Medicine Sorbonne University, Thrombosis Center, Tenon University HospitalМедицинский Университет Сорбонна (Госпиталь Тенон)University MontpellierUniversité de MontpellierMedical University of ViennaВенский медицинский университет301120217654654750610202006102021Copyright ©; 2021, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2021, Издательство "Педиатръ"2021"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1459

Numerous studies in recent years have proven that the oncological process is an independent risk factor for thrombosis. For a long period of time and at the moment, research is continuing on the pathogenesis of a prothrombotic state in cancer patients. It was shown that the degree of risk is influenced by such indicators as the histological type of tumor, the stage of development of the disease, surgery, duration and type of anesthesia, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, age, the presence of central venous catheters, immobilization, thrombophilia, history of thrombosis, infections. Thrombosis in cancer patients is triggered by thrombogenic factors associated with the tumor, patient-associated factors and environmental factors. The tumor cell affects the balance of hemostasis by releasing procoagulant substances, profibrinolytic, proproteolytic and proaggregant activity, expression of adhesion molecules, secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines; new participants in the process have also been identified. Studies have confirmed the fact that inflammation and thrombosis are inextricably linked with each other and play an important role in the progression of the disease and metastasis. All this opens up new horizons for the development of modern innovative strategies for treating cancer patients and increasing survival.

Многочисленными исследованиями последних лет доказано, что онкологический процесс является независимым фактором риска тромбоза. В течение длительного периода и в настоящий момент продолжаются исследования, изучающие патогенез развития протромботического состояния у онкологических больных. Показано, что на степень риска влияют такие показатели, как гистологический тип опухоли, стадия развития заболевания, хирургическое вмешательство, продолжительность и вид анестезии, химиотерапия, гормональная терапия, возраст, наличие центральных венозных катетеров, иммобилизация, наследственная тромбофилия, тромбозы в анамнезе, инфекции. Тромбоз у онкологических больных запускается тромбогенными факторами, связанными с опухолью, пациент-ассоциированными и факторами внешней среды. Опухолевая клетка влияет на баланс гемостаза путем высвобождения прокоагулянтных субстанций, профибринолитической, пропротеолитической и проаггрегантной активностью, экспрессией молекул адгезии, секрецией провоспалительных и проангиогенных цитокинов, также выявлены новые участники процесса. Исследованиями подтвержден тот факт, что воспаление и тромообразование неразрывно связаны друг с другом и играют важную роль в прогрессировании заболевания и метастазировании у онкологических пациентов. Все это открывает новые горизонты для разработки современных инновационных стратегий лечения онкологических больных и увеличения выживаемости.

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