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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1448</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Asthma Activity and Respiratory Morbidity in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Observational Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности течения бронхиальной астмы и респираторной заболеваемости у детей в период пандемии COVID-19: результаты ретроспективного сравнительного наблюдательного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2460-7718</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57201847039</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4626-2800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levina</surname><given-names>Julia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левина</surname><given-names>Юлия Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>julia.levina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">48761908100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-9485-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1312-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Namazova-Baranova</surname><given-names>Leyla S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Намазова-Баранова</surname><given-names>Лейла Сеймуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-0562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57193933297</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1109-2810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishneva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>vishneva.e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-2425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57201847039</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5773-3901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efendieva</surname><given-names>Kamilla E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эфендиева</surname><given-names>Камилла Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>kamillaef@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-7835</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56400511500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7253-7970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>aleksaa06@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-8661</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7168-3817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalugina</surname><given-names>Vera G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калугина</surname><given-names>Вера Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>v-starikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-7342</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1691-5591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arimova</surname><given-names>Polina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аримова</surname><given-names>Полина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>polinaarimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-5075</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5532-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>Konstantin S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Константин Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>volkovks@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-6048</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2924-7732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Anita R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Анита Робертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>anita_d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pediatric and Child Health Research Institute of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей Центральной клинической больницы Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>5S</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>464</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-26"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-12-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1448">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1448</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>According to available studies during the pandemic, the incidence of COVID-19 among children was significantly lower than among adults. However, it remains unclear whether children with allergies and asthma are at risk for COVID-19 and whether the respiratory morbidity have changed during the pandemic in children with asthma as well as the asthma activity.</p> <p><bold>Aims</bold> — to determine the respiratory morbidity in children with and without asthma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to estimate asthma activity.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> The main group was formed of 60 children 6–17 y.o with confirmed asthma diagnosis, the control group — from 30 children aged 6–17 y.o. without asthma. Data on outcomes in children with asthma and in control group were obtained on the basis of the retrospective collected information from medical records of patients and from questionnaires, filled during telephone call in 2020. Respiratory morbidity was estimated in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic period in 2020 till the end of May.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The incidence of upper respiratory tract infections has decreased in 2020 in 72% of children with asthma by an average of 53%; in 86% of children without by an average of 62%. The frequency of lower respiratory tract infections decreased in 37% of children with asthma by an average of 61%, in 20% of children without asthma on 100%. According to the patients’ parents’ answers, none of the children were diagnosed with COVID-19. The number of episodes which required additional anti-asthma therapy decreased or didn’t change in 77% of patients. According to the results of the Asthma Control Test in 2020 asthma was fully controlled in 82% of patients, 65% of patients had complete adherence to therapy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Children with asthma and allergies, as well as healthy children, do not seem to be at risk of contracting a new coronavirus infection. Lockdown, good adherence to therapy in children with asthma had a positive impact, led to a decrease of respiratory morbidity, exacerbations of asthma, improved disease control. Further monitoring of children with allergies and asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic is required.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>По данным доступных исследований в период пандемии заболеваемость COVID-19 среди детей оказалась значительно ниже в сравнении со взрослыми. Однако остается до конца не ясным, входят ли дети, страдающие аллергией и астмой, в группу риска по заболеванию и тяжелому течению COVID-19, изменилась ли заболеваемость респираторными инфекциями у детей с бронхиальной астмой, а также каково течение бронхиальной астмы в период пандемии COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить уровень заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями у детей с бронхиальной астмой и у детей без астмы в период до и во время пандемии СOVID-19, оценить изменения течения астмы.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Основная группа сформирована из 60 детей 6–17 лет с подтвержденным диагнозом «бронхиальная астма», контрольная группа — из 30 детей 6–17 лет без астмы. Данные об исходах в группах были получены на основании ретроспективно собранной информации из амбулаторных карт пациентов, соответствующих критериям включения в исследование, а также путем анкетирования по телефону в июне 2020 г. Оценивалась заболеваемость респираторными инфекциями в 2019 г. и в период пандемии COVID-19 в 2020 г. до мая включительно.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>У 72% детей с бронхиальной астмой в период пандемии COVID-19 в 2020 г. частота инфекций верхних дыхательных путей уменьшилась в среднем на 53%, у 86% детей без астмы — в среднем на 62%. Частота инфекций нижних дыхательных путей уменьшилась у 37% детей с бронхиальной астмой в среднем на 61%, у 20% детей без астмы — на 100%. По данным опроса родителей, ни у кого из детей не был диагностирован COVID-19. У 77% пациентов с астмой в 2020 г. уменьшилось или не изменилось количество симптомов, требовавших увеличения объема противоастматической терапии. По результатам теста по контролю над астмой в 2020 г. астма полностью контролировалась у 82% пациентов, 65% пациентов имели полную приверженность терапии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Дети, страдающие бронхиальной астмой и аллергией, как и здоровые дети, по всей видимости, не входят в группу риска по заражению новой коронавирусной инфекцией. Соблюдение самоизоляции в период пандемии COVID-19, хорошая приверженность базисной терапии у детей с астмой привели к уменьшению количества респираторных инфекций, обострений бронхиальной астмы, улучшению контроля над заболеванием. Требуется дальнейшее наблюдение за детьми с аллергией и астмой в период пандемии COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>allergies</kwd><kwd>аsthma</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270–273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Licari A, Votto M, Brambilla I, et al. Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares. 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