<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1361</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMATOLOGY and VENEROLOGY: current issues</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ДЕРМАТОВЕНЕРОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cytokine Levels of Skin Lesions in Moderate and Severe Psoriasis as Predictors for the Type 4 Fosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Apremilast) Therapy Effectivness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Уровни цитокинов в очагах поражения кожи у пациентов со среднетяжелым и тяжелым псориазом как предикторы эффективности терапии ингибитором фосфодиэстеразы 4 типа (апремиластом)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7625-0503</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8771-4990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubanov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубанов</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>alex@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-4745</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3308-3330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>Ольга Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>artamonova_olga@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-8489</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3604-6491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamova</surname><given-names>Arfenya E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамова</surname><given-names>Арфеня Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>karamova@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3580-8398</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9694-2253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elvasileva@cnikvi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-6694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8243-2537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deryabin</surname><given-names>Dmitry G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерябин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Геннадиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>dgderyabin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Centre of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>500</fpage><lpage>507</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-15"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-12-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1361">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1361</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background. </italic></bold><italic>Psoriasis is a widespread skin disorder characterized by cytokines as the main modulators of skin inflammation. A promising psoriasis therapy approach is targeted on cytokine networks by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4). The efficacy and safety of the PDE-4 inhibitor apremilast in psoriasis confirmed in multicenter controlled studies, which, however, are accompanied by reports of unsuccessful therapy cases.<bold> Aims</bold> — to determine early immunological predictors for PDE-4 inhibitor (apremilast) therapy efficacy based on skin lesions cytokines analyzes in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.<bold> Methods.</bold> An open, uncontrolled prospective clinical study was performed. Efficacy of apremilast was analyzed by PASI, BSA, sPGA and DLQI. The outcomes at 26 therapy week were compared with the cytokine levels in skin biopsies selected before starting therapy and analyzed using xMAP technology. The multiparameter prognostic model for apremilast therapy effectiveness was developed based on a heterogeneous sequential recognition procedure. <bold>Results.</bold> The 34 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were included in the study. According to the clinical outcomes, two comparison groups were formed: high (75% reduction in PASI score or more; n = 14) and insufficient (50% reduction in PASI score or less; n = 20) apremilast efficiency. Cytokines analyses showed an inverse relationship between the initial anti-inflammatory IL-10 level and the PASI reduction (r = –0.37; p &lt; 0.025). On the other hand, the relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1</italic><italic>β</italic><italic> and IL-6 levels and PASI score at the 26th week of therapy were characterized by positive correlation: r = 0.31 (p &lt; 0.05) and r = 0.37 (p &lt; 0.025), respectively. Based on the data obtained, a predictive model for the apremilast therapy efficiency was developed. The expected predictive values of this model were 86% for a high therapy effectiveness and 60% for an insufficient effectiveness, respectively.<bold> Conclusions.</bold> The study results for the first time describe the cytokine profiles in the skin lesions in patients, who responded differently to PDE-4 inhibitor therapy. These dada allows to predict the treatment efficacy and give a chance to personalize apremilast usage for the moderate and severe psoriasis treatment.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование. </italic></bold><italic>Псориаз — тяжело протекающий дерматоз с доказанной ролью цитокинов как модуляторов кожного воспаления. Перспективным подходом к терапии псориаза является воздействие на цитокиновые сети путем ингибирования фосфодиэстеразы 4 типа (ФДЭ-4). Эффективность и безопасность ингибитора ФДЭ-4 апремиласта при лечении псориаза показана в ряде контролируемых исследований, что, однако, сопровождается сообщениями о случаях неуспеха проводимой таргетной терапии. <bold>Цель </bold>— поиск ранних иммунологических предикторов эффективности терапии ингибитором ФДЭ-4 (апремиластом), в качестве которых проанализированы цитокины в очагах поражения кожи у пациентов со среднетяжелым и тяжелым псориазом. <bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено открытое неконтролируемое проспективное клиническое исследование у пациентов с псориазом обыкновенным (L40.0 по МКБ-10). Эффективность апремиласта оценена с использованием клинических индексов PASI, BSA, sPGA и DLQI. Исходы на 26-й нед терапии сопоставлены со спектром цитокинов в биоптатах кожи, отобранных до начала лечения и проанализированных с использованием технологии xMAP. Для построения многопараметрической прогностической модели эффективности апремиласта использована неоднородная последовательная процедура распознавания. <bold>Результаты.</bold> В исследование включены 34 больных обыкновенным бляшечным псориазом средней и тяжелой степени тяжести. По результатам использования апремиласта сформированы две группы сравнения — с высокой (достижение значения PASI75 и более; n = 14) и недостаточной (PASI50 и менее; n = 20) эффективностью терапии. Анализ цитокинов показал обратную взаимосвязь между исходным уровнем противовоспалительного IL-10 и достигаемым изменением индекса PASI (r = –0,37; p &lt; 0,025). С другой стороны, связь исходного уровня провоспалительных цитокинов IL-1β и IL-6 со значениями индекса PASI на 26-й нед терапии характеризовалась положительными коэффициентами корреляции: r = 0,31 (p &lt; 0,05) и r = 0,37 (p &lt; 0,025) соответственно. На основе полученных данных построена предиктивная модель эффективности апремиласта с ожидаемой предсказательной ценностью положительного результата 86%, а отрицательного — 60%. <bold>Заключение. </bold>Результаты проведенного исследования впервые описывают различия в профилях цитокинов в очагах поражения кожи у пациентов со среднетяжелым и тяжелым псориазом, в дальнейшем по-разному ответивших на терапию ингибитором ФДЭ-4 апремиластом, что формирует условия для персонализации использования данного препарата.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psoriasis</kwd><kwd>phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>apremilast</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>predictor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>псориаз</kwd><kwd>ингибитор фосфодиэстеразы</kwd><kwd>апремиласт</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>предикторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>18-15-00372</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Parisi R, Symmons DP, Griffiths CE, Ashcroft DM. Global epidemiology of psoriasis: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(2):377–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.339</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Александрова Г.А., Мелехина Л.Е., Богданова Е.В., и др. Ресурсы и деятельность медицинских организаций дерматовенерологического профиля. Заболеваемость инфекциями, передаваемыми половым путем, заразными кожными болезнями и заболеваниями кожи за 2017–2018 гг. (cтатистические материалы). — М.: Департамент мониторинга, анализа и стратегического развития здравоохранения Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии» Минздрава России, 2019. [Aleksandrova GA, Melekhina LE, Bogdanova EV, et al. Resursi i deyatelnost’ medetsinskih organizatsii dermatovenerologicheskogo profilya. Zabolevaemost infektsiyami, peredavaemymi polovim putem, zaraznimi koznimi boleznyami i zabolevaniyami kozi za 2018–2018 gg. (statisticheskie materiali). Moscow: Departament monitoring, analiza i strategicheskogo razvitiya zdravoohraneniya Minzdrava Rossii; FGBU “Centralniy nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut organizacii I informatizacii zdravoohraneniya” Minzdrava Rossii; FGBU “Gosudarstvenniy nauchniy centr dermatovenerologii I kosmetologii” Minzdrava Rossii; 2019. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Chiricozzi A, Romanelli P, Volpe E, et al. Scanning the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1):179. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010179</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Sbidian E, Chaimani A, Garcia-Doval I, et al. Systemic pharmacological treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;12:CD011535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011535.pub2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Li H, Zuo J, Tang W. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1048. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01048</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Pincelli C, Schafer PH, French LE, et al. Mechanisms Underlying the Clinical Effects of Apremilast for Psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(8):835–840.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Keating GM. Apremilast: a review in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Drugs. 2017;77(4):459–472. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-017-0709-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Псориаз: клинические рекомендации / РОДВК. — М., 2016. [Psoriaz: Klinicheskie rekomendacii / RODVK. Moscow; 2016. (In Russ.)] Available from: https://www.cnikvi.ru/docs/clinic_recs/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-2017/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Schafer PH, Truzzi F, Parton A, et al. Phosphodiesterase 4 in inflammatory diseases: effects of apremilast in psoriatic blood and in dermal myofibroblasts through the PDE4/CD271 complex. Cell Signal. 2016;28(7):753–763. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Schafer PH, Parton A, Capone L, et al. Apremilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor with regulatory effects on innate immunity. Cell Signal. 2014;26(9):2016–2029. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Schafer P. Apremilast mechanism of action and application to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;83(12):1583–1590. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Papp K, Reich K, Leonardi CL, et al. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(1):37–49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Crowley J, Thaçi D, Joly P, et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of apremilast in patients with psoriasis: Pooled safety analysis for ≥ 156 weeks from 2 phase 3, randomized, controlled trials (ESTEEM 1 and 2). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(2):310–317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.052</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Vujic I, Herman R, Sanlorenzo M, et al. Apremilast in psoriasis–a prospective real‐world study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(2):254–259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14598</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ighani A, Georgakopoulos JR, Shear NH, et al. Maintenance of therapeutic response after 1 year of apremilast combination therapy compared with monotherapy for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: A multicenter, retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(5):953–956. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Кубанов А.А., Карамова А.Э., Артамонова О.Г. Возможности комбинированной терапии селективным ингибитором фосфодиэстеразы 4 (апремиласт) и ингибитором дигидрофолатредуктазы (метотрексат) у больных псориазом среднетяжелой и тяжелой степени тяжести и псориатическим артритом // Вестник РАМН. — 2019. — Т. 74. — № 5. — С. 292–298. [Kubanov AA, Artamonova OG, Karamova AE. Possibility of combined therapy with an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (apremilast) and dihydrofolatereductase inhibitor (methotrexate) in patients with psoriatic arthritis plaque psoriasis. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2019:74(5):292–298. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1121</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Куликов А.Ю., Макарова Е.И. Оценка клинико-экономической эффективности применения лекарственного средства апремиласт в лечении псориатического артрита // Фармакоэкономика: теория и практика. — 2017. — Т. 5 — № 2. — С. 29–34. [Kulikov AY, Makarova EI. Assessment of clinical and economic effectiveness of apremilast in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Pharmacoeconomics: Theory and Practice. 2017;5(2):29–34. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Medvedeva IV, Stokes ME, Eisinger D, et al. Large-scale Analyses of Disease Biomarkers and Apremilast Pharmacodynamic Effects. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):605. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57542-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Garcet S, Nograles K, Correa da Rosa J, et al. Synergistic cytokine effects as apremilast response predictors in patients with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(3):1010–1013. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.039</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Гублер Е.В., Генкин А.А. Применение непараметрических критериев статистики в медико-биологических исследованиях. — Ленинград: Медицина, 1973. [Gubler EV, Genkin AA. Primenenie neparametricheskih kriteriev statistiki v mediko-biologicheskih issledovanijah. Leningrad: Medicina; 1973. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>ГОСТ Р 53022.3-2008. Требования к качеству клинических лабораторных исследований. — Ч. 3. — М., 2010. [GOST R 53022.3-2008. Trebovanija k kachestvu klinicheskih laboratornyh issledovanij. Chast’ 3. Moscow; 2010. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Paul C, Cather J, Gooderham M, Poulin Y., et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over 52 weeks: a phase III, randomized controlled trial (ESTEEM 2). Br J Dermatol. 2015:173(6):1387–1399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14164</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Shah BJ, Mistry D, Chaudhary N, Shah S. Real-world efficacy and safety of apremilast monotherapy in the management of moderate-to-severe Psoriasis. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2020:11(1):51–57. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_169_19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Augustin M, Kleyn CE, Conrad C, Sator PG, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Treated with Apremilast in the Real World: Results from the APPRECIATE Study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16431</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Tucker R. Interleukins in moderate to severe psoriasis. Hospital Pharmacy Europe. 2020. [Published on 9 January 2020.] Available from:https: //hospitalpharmacyeurope.com/news/reviewsresearch/interleukins-in-moderate-to-severe-psoriasis</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Chan TC, Hawkes JE, Krueger JG. Interleukin 23 in the skin: role in psoriasis pathogenesis and selective interleukin 23 blockade as treatment. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2018;9(5):111–119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622318759282</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Kim HJ, Kim SH, Park J, et al. Up-regulation of receptor antagonist interleukin-1 family members in psoriasis and their regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Dermatol Sci. 2016;82(3):204–206. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.02.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Robaee AA, Al-Zolibani AA, Al-Shobili HA, et al. IL-10 implication in psoriasis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2008;2(1):53–58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Pușcaș AD, Cătană A, Pușcaș C, et al. Psoriasis: Association of interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms with severity and response to treatment (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2019;18(2):875–880. doi: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7624</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Galluzzo M., D’Adamio S., Campione E., et al. Treating a Multidrug-Resistant Psoriatic HLA-C*18:01 Allele Carrier with Combination Ustekinumab Apremilast Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther. 2018;22(6):717–721. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-018-0354-8</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
