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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИ И СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis and Risk Factors for Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation without Concomitant Coronary and Valvular Heart Disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Механизмы аритмогенеза и факторы риска тромбоэмболических событий у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий без сопутствующей клапанной патологии и ИБС</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-0322</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9334-5672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golukhova</surname><given-names>Elena Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеликовна</surname><given-names>Голухова Елена</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик</p></bio><email>egolukhova@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-1372</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4715-1322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Research Associate, Cardiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с., врач-кардилолог </p></bio><email>gromova3112@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-0518</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8979-7098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulaeva</surname><given-names>Naida I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булаева</surname><given-names>Наида Ибадулаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD in Biology, Senior Research Associate, Cardiologyst</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с., врач-кардиолог</p></bio><email>naida_bulaeva@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-0169</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9161-9888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakelyan</surname><given-names>Mari G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракелян</surname><given-names>Мари Генриковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiologyst</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-кардиолог</p></bio><email>mariarakelyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bakoulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery RAMS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии имени А.Н. Бакулева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>531</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-20"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-12-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1337">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1337</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Aims </italic></bold><italic>—<bold> </bold>identification the correlates between parameters of tissue Doppler imaging, EF thickness by MRI and biochemical markers of fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonvalvular AF. Retrospectively to evaluate clinical and instrumental parameters influencing the development of thromboembolic events. <bold>Methods.</bold> Data analysis was performed on 151 patients with different type of AF. A retrospective analysis included 112 patients. 15 (13%) had a history of LAA thrombosis and/or thromboembolic events (stroke, TIA). The prospective analysis included 39 patients. We identified groups with idiopathic AF (N = 21), AF with arterial hypertension (N = 18). And also a group with normal or slightly enlarged (&lt;4.5 sm) LA s (N = 29), and with LA ≥ 4.5 sm (N = 10). Echocardiography with tissue Doppler imagin</italic><italic>е</italic><italic> and cardiac MRI were performed. The level of: matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) was assessed. <bold>Results.</bold> The following parameters were significantly associated with LA thrombosis and thromboembolic events: age over 50 years (p = 0.001), obesity (p = 0.036), persistent AF (p = 0.003), the phenomenon of spontaneous ECHO contrast in LA (p = 0.03), the blood flow velocity in the LAA less than 30 sm / s (p = 0.005), morphological type III of LAA (p = 0.012). The greatest correlation between the thickness of the EFT and biomarkers was observed relative to: MMP-9 (</italic><italic>τ</italic><italic> = 0.65; T<sub>cr</sub> = 0.16), TIMP-1 (</italic><italic>τ</italic><italic> = 0.71; T<sub>cr</sub> = 0.18) in the group of idiopathic AF; and TGF-beta1 (</italic><italic>τ</italic><italic> = 0.22; T<sub>cr</sub> = 0.19) in the general group. The percentage of left atrial myocardial fibrosis was correlated with TIMP-1 levels. There was a correlation between E/e‘ and MMP-9, TIMP-1 in patients with idiopathic AF (</italic><italic>τ</italic><italic> = 0.65; T<sub>cr</sub> = 0.16 and </italic><italic>τ</italic><italic> = 0.56; T<sub>cr</sub> = 0.21 respectively). <bold>Conclusion.</bold> The increasing levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are associated with epicardial fat thickness by MRI. In addition to CHA2DS2VASc scale, we identified novel predictors of LA thrombosis and/or thromboembolic events, which are: chronic type AF, low LAA blood flow velocity, the phenomenon of spontaneous ECHO contrast in LA and the morphological LAA type III by CT.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold><italic> — оценить взаимосвязь между данными тканевого допплеровского исследования, толщиной эпикардиальной жировой ткани (ЭЖТ) и фиброза левого предсердия (ЛП) и биохимическими маркерами у пациентов с неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП). Выявить показатели, влияющие на формирование тромбоза ушка левого предсердия и развитие тромбоэмболических осложнений. <bold>Методы.</bold> Был выполнен анализ данных 151 пациента с различными формами ФП. В ретроспективный анализ было включено 112 больных. У 15 (13%) был диагностирован тромбоз ушка ЛП и/или тромбоэмболические осложнения (острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК), транзиторная ишемическая атака (ТИА)) в анамнезе. В группу проспективного анализа было включено 39 пациентов. Были выделены группы с идиопатической ФП (n=21), ФП с артериальной гипертензией (n=18). А также группа с небольшими (&lt;4,5 см) размерами ЛП (n=29) и с ЛП≥4,5 см (n=10). Выполнялись эхокардиография с тканевым допплеровским исследованием и магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) сердца. Оценивался уровень: матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММР-2, ММР-9), тканевого ингибитора матриксной металлопротеиназы-1 (ТIMP-1), трансформирующего фактора роста бета-1 (TGF beta-1), растворимой молекулы межклеточной адгезии (sICAM). <bold>Результаты.</bold> На развитие тромбоза и тромбоэмболических событий значимо влияли следующие параметры: возраст старше 50 лет (p=0,001), ожирение (p=0,036), постоянна форма ФП (p=0,003), феномен спонтанного контрастирования (p=0,03), скорость кровотока в ушке ЛП менее 30 см/с (p=0,005), III морфологический тип ушка левого предсердия (p=0,012). Наибольшая корреляционная связь между толщиной ЭЖТ и биомаркерами отмечалась относительно: ММР-9 (τ=0,65; Т<sub>кр </sub>=0,16), TIMP-1 (τ=0,71; Т<sub>кр </sub>=0,18) в группе идиопатической ФП и TGF-beta1 (τ=0,22; Т<sub>кр </sub>=0,19) в общей группе. Процент фиброза миокарда левого предсердия соотносился с уровнем TIMP-1. Была выявлена корреляция между Е/е’ и ММР-9, ТIMP-1 у пациентов с иФП (τ=0,65; Т<sub>кр </sub>=0,16 и τ=0,56; Т<sub>кр </sub>=0,21 соответственно). <bold>Заключение. </bold>Толщина ЭЖТ и доля фиброза миокарда по данным МРТ достоверно связаны с маркерами фиброза миокарда (ММР-9, ТIMP-1, TGF- beta1) у пациентов с ФП без сопутствующей патологии. Факторами, ассоциированными с развитием тромбоэмболических осложнений, являются: возраст, избыточная масса тела, форма ФП, наличие феномена спонтанного контрастирования и снижение пиковой скорости кровотока в ЛП, тип ушка ЛП.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>epicardial fat tissue</kwd><kwd>thromboembolic events</kwd><kwd>LA thrombosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>эпикардиальная жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболические осложнения</kwd><kwd>тромбоз левого предсердия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Patel NJ, Deshmukh A, Pant S, et al. Contemporary trends of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2000 through 2010 implications for healthcare planning. 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