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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1335</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COVID-19, septic shock and syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Part 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>COVID-19, септический шок и синдром диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови. Часть 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-1042</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5930-0859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bitsadze</surname><given-names>Victoria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бицадзе</surname><given-names>Виктория Омаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>vikabits@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-9686</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194547147</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">F-8384-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8225-4976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizroeva</surname><given-names>Jamilya Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хизроева</surname><given-names>Джамиля Хизриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Клинического института детского здоровья Сеченовского Университета </p></bio><email>jamatotu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-4633</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7538-2966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makatsariya</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макацария</surname><given-names>Александр Давидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>gemostasis@mail.ru</email><uri>https://internist.ru/lectors/detail/makatsariya-/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-2778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slukhanchuk</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слуханчук</surname><given-names>Екатерина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>beloborodova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-0804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyakova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьякова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>tretyakova777@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-4353</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7102724281</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">G-8234-2018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizzo</surname><given-names>Giuseppe</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Риццо</surname><given-names>Джузеппе</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>giuseppe.rizzo@uniroma2.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-9910</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7005114260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gris</surname><given-names>Jean-Christophe Raymond</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грис</surname><given-names>Жан-Кристоф Раймонд</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>jean.christophe.gris@chu-nimes.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-1368</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7003652413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elalamy</surname><given-names>Ismail</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Элалами</surname><given-names>Исмаил</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>ismail.elalamy@aphp.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-7128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serov</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серов</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., академик РАН</p></bio><email>v_serov@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkoda</surname><given-names>Andrei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкода</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, the head </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный врач</p></bio><email>67gkb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-8439</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57208129705</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9084-7676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samburova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самбурова</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>nsamburova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Center LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Лечебный Центр»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Roma Tor Vergata</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Римский Университет Тор Вергата</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Montpellier</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Монпелье</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medicine Sorbonne University, University Hospital Tenon</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Университет Сорбонна, Университетский Госпиталь Тенон</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital Sixty-seven</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2020-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-06-18"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1335">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1335</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 became a real challenge to humanity and the medical community in 2020 and raised a number of medical, social and even philosophical questions. An almost avalanche-like increase in the number of infected people in a short time, due to the high contagiousness of viral infection, allowed us to identify groups of patients with mild, moderate and severe forms of the disease. Doctors around the world are faced with an acute problem of treating a large number of patients in critical conditions caused by COVID-19. From the currently available information on clinical cases of COVID-19, it follows that COVID-19 patients in critical condition have a clinical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), septic shock with the development of multiple organ failure. The first part of the article discusses the pathogenesis of non-specific universal biological responses of the body in critical condition ― from the Sanarelli-Schwartzman phenomenon to the DIC, septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The questions of cytokine storm in severe forms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the role of inflammation in the activation of coagulation, and the relationship between inflammation and thrombosis are discussed. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of so-called NETosis, their role in the occurrence of immunothrombosis and inflammation-induced thrombosis in autoimmune diseases ― vasculitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus is highlighted. The article discusses the possibility of participation of ADAMTS-13 metalloproteinase in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in severe endotheliopathy in patients with viral septic shock.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COronaVIrus Disease 2019, СOVID-19), вызванная тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом, связанным с коронавирусом 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) стала настоящим вызовом человечеству и медицинскому сообществу в 2020 году и поставила целый ряд медицинских, социальных и даже философских вопросов. Практически лавинообразно нарастающее число зараженных за короткое время, связанное с высокой контагиозностью вирусной инфекции, позволило выделить группы пациентов с легкой, средней тяжести и тяжелой формами заболевания. Перед врачами всего мира встала острая проблема лечения большого количества больных в критических состояниях, вызванных COVID-19. Из имеющейся в настоящее время информации о клинических случаях COVID-19 следует, что у больных в критическом состоянии наблюдается клиническая картина диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови, септического шока с развитием полиорганной недостаточности. В первой части статьи изложены вопросы патогенеза неспецифических универсальных биологических ответов организма в критических состояниях ― от феномена Санарелли−Шварцмана до учения о диссеминированном внутрисосудистом свертывании крови, септическом шоке, синдроме системного воспалительного ответа и так называемых внеклеточных ловушках нейтрофилов (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). Обсуждаются вопросы цитокинового шторма при тяжелых формах синдрома системного воспалительного ответа, роль воспаления в активации коагуляции и взаимосвязь между воспалением и тромбозом (inflathrombosis). Освещаются современные представления о механизмах так называемых NETозов (NETosis) и их роли в возникновении иммунообусловленных и «воспалительных» тромбозов при аутоиммунных состояниях ― васкулитах, антифосфолипидном синдроме, системной красной волчанке. Обсуждаются вопросы возможности участия металлопротеиназы ADAMTS-13 в патогенезе полиорганной недостаточности в условиях тяжелой эндотелиопатии у пациентов с вирусобусловленным септическим шоком.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>SARS-COV-2</kwd><kwd>Sanarelli-Schwartzman phenomenon</kwd><kwd>DIC-syndrome</kwd><kwd>septic shock</kwd><kwd>SIRS</kwd><kwd>ADAMTS-13</kwd><kwd>NETs</kwd><kwd>cytokine storm</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>SARS-COV-2</kwd><kwd>феномен Санарелли−Шварцмана</kwd><kwd>синдром диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови</kwd><kwd>септический шок</kwd><kwd>синдром системного воспалительного ответа</kwd><kwd>ADAMTS-13</kwd><kwd>NETs</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый шторм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, et al. 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