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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1323</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Functional Activity of the Retina and Visual Evoked Cortical Potentials in Simulation the Factors of Space Flight in Conditions of Four Month Isolation in a Hermetic Object with Artificial Habitat</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Функциональная активность сетчатки и зрительные вызванные корковые потенциалы при моделировании факторов космического полета в условиях четырехмесячной изоляции в гермообъекте с искусственной средой обитания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-0894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5214-4134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neroev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нероев</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>secr@igb.ru</email><uri>https://igb.ru/about/podrazdeleniya-instituta/12-o-nmits/podrazdeleniya-instituta/64-administratsiya-instituta</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5010</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8838-3997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>visionlab@yandex.ru</email><uri>https://igb.ru/about/podrazdeleniya-instituta/otdel-klinicheskoj-fiziologii-zreniya-im-s-v-kravkova</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapenko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапенко</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>sunvision@mail.ru</email><uri>https://igb.ru/about/podrazdeleniya-instituta/otdel-klinicheskoj-fiziologii-zreniya-im-s-v-kravkova</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6548-0280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bubeev</surname><given-names>Yuri A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бубеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Аркадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>aviamed@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6090-4239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manko</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манько</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>olgamanko@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2993-6644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smoleevskiy</surname><given-names>Alexandr E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолеевский</surname><given-names>Александр Егорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>smoll13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleskerov</surname><given-names>Akhmed  M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алескеров</surname><given-names>Ахмед  Магомедалиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Junior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог, младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>a.m.aleskerov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1164-7489</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>Maria  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачева</surname><given-names>Мария  Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>mg.iitp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем передачи информации РАН им. А.А. Харкевича</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>76</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>488</fpage><lpage>496</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-06"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-11-30"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1323">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1323</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The artificial environment of confined space causes a decrease in the functional reserve of the central nervous system and can affect human health and the success of space missions. In solving this problem, the urgent task is to study adaptation mechanisms that adapt the functioning of the visual sensory system to the conditions of the extreme environment. <bold>Purpose</bold> — to obtain new objective data on the alterations in the functional activity of the visual system during prolonged stay of a person in extreme environmental conditions. <bold>Methods.</bold> Before and after a 4-month isolation experiment simulating a flight to the moon, an electrophysiological study was conducted of six practically healthy crew members with registration of a set of electroretinograms (ERG) and pattern-reversal visual evoked cortical potentials (VEP) according to the ISCEV standards. In dynamics, corrected monocular visual acuity (MVA) was assessed on board. <bold>Results.</bold> After the end of the experiment, on average for the group, there were no statistically significant changes in the MVA and functional activity of the retina and visual cortex compared with the initial data. However, individual changes on the part of the flicker ERG and reduction of VEP to small patterns stimulating the parvocellular channel of the visual system were revealed in three testers. These changes were associated with higher visually intense work and physical activity of these crew members, and with an individual reaction to sleep deprivation of pilots with increased responsibility. <bold>Conclusion.</bold> Four-month isolation with imitation of a space mission did not cause significant changes in the functional activity of the retina and visual pathways in healthy crew members. Individual differences of VEP-responses of the parvocellular visual system were revealed, which can reflect a high level of psychophysiological adaptation and stress resistance in physically active crew members.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Искусственная среда замкнутого пространства вызывает снижение функционального резерва центральной нервной системы и может влиять на здоровье человека и успешность космических миссий. В решении этой проблемы одной из актуальных задач является изучение механизмов адаптации, приспосабливающих функционирование зрительной сенсорной системы к условиям действия факторов экстремальной среды. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — получить новые объективные данные о закономерностях изменения функциональной активности зрительной системы при длительном нахождении человека в экстремальных условиях среды обитания. <bold>Методы.</bold> До и после 4-месячного изоляционного эксперимента с имитацией полета на Луну проводили электрофизиологическое исследование шести практически здоровых членов экипажа с регистрацией комплекса электроретинограмм (ЭРГ) и зрительных вызванных корковых потенциалов (ЗВП) на реверсивный паттерн по международным стандартам ISCEV. В динамике на борту оценивали корригированную монокулярную остроту зрения (МОЗ). <bold>Результаты.</bold> После окончания эксперимента в среднем по группе отсутствовали статистически значимые изменения МОЗ и функциональной активности сетчатки и зрительной коры по сравнению с исходными данными. Однако были выявлены индивидуальные изменения со стороны ритмической ЭРГ и редукция ЗВП на мелкие паттерны, стимулирующие парвоцеллюлярный канал зрительной системы, у трех испытателей. Отмеченные изменения ассоциированы с более высоким зрительно напряженным трудом и физической активностью этих членов экипажа и с индивидуальной реакцией на депривацию сна у пилотов, наделенных повышенной ответственностью. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Четырехмесячная изоляция с имитацией космической миссии не вызывала значимых изменений функциональной активности сетчатки и зрительных путей у здоровых членов экипажа. Выявлены индивидуальные различия ЗВП ответов парвоцеллюлярной зрительной системы, которые могут отражать высокий уровень психофизиологической адаптации и стрессоустойчивости у физически активных членов экипажа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>isolation</kwd><kwd>space flights</kwd><kwd>electroretinography</kwd><kwd>visual evoked potentials</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>extreme environments</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изоляция</kwd><kwd>космические полеты</kwd><kwd>электроретинография</kwd><kwd>зрительные вызванные потенциалы</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>экстремальные условия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РАН</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RAS</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>63.2</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mogilever NB, Zuccarelli L, Burles F, et al. 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