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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12970</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn12970</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern Possibilities for Predicting Systemic Manifestations of Food Allergy Based on the Results of a Prospective Cohort Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные возможности прогнозирования системных проявлений пищевой аллергии по результатам проспективного когортного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-3529</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9397-6019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepeshkova</surname><given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепешкова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>levlpa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9919-9048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>Ольга Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>usma@usma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-2243</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6987-1057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beltyukov</surname><given-names>Evgeny K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельтюков</surname><given-names>Евгений Кронидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>asthma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-2657</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8210-6478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumova</surname><given-names>Veronika V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумова</surname><given-names>Вероника Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nika.naumova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-5909</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8649-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsarkova</surname><given-names>Sofya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царькова</surname><given-names>Софья Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>tsarkova_ugma@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-9571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4813-8710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazarny</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базарный</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>bazarny@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-7222</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4391-5873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushina</surname><given-names>Larisa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушина</surname><given-names>Лариса Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>polushina-larisa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>466</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/12970">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/12970</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Food allergies (FA) are a common problem in childhood. Food anaphylaxis (FAN) can be life threatening. In this regard, it is reasonable to study clinical and anamnestic data and factors that can influence FAN formation in order to develop mathematical models of prognosis aimed at reducing acute episodes of FA, including FAN. <bold>Aims </bold>—<bold> </bold>to establish clinical and pathogenetic factors contributing to the formation of systemic manifestations of FA in children and to develop a mathematical method for predicting severe systemic reactions to food. <bold>Methods.</bold> A prospective cohort open study included 76 children (5.12 ± 3.74 years) suffering from persistent FA with a history of FAN episodes. The comparison group included 134 children (7.18 ± 2.52 years old) who had atopic diseases, local manifestations of FA, but without systemic reactions to food. Illness and life history, presence and severity of concomitant diseases were studied, general clinical and immunological studies were performed (in blood serum and oral cavity). <bold>Results.</bold> Based on the data in 210 children, the odds ratio (OR) of systemic FA formation was calculated, where the risks were: caesarean section (OR 1.8; 95% CI [1.02; 3.01]; p &lt; 0.05), immediate allergic reactions to food (OR 3.3; 95% CI [1.47; 7.39]; p &lt; 0.05), maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR 3.5; 95% CI [1.83; 6.57]; p &lt; 0.05), allergic diseases in siblings (OR 4.8; 95% CI [2.04; 11.18]; p &lt; 0.05), presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) (OR 3.7; 95% CI [1.77; 7.68]; p &lt; 0.05), allergy to cow’s milk proteins (CMP) (OR 7.8; 95% CI [4.31; 14.24]; p &lt; 0.05), clinical need for introduction of amino acid formulae (OR 100.8; 95% CI [13.37; 760.67]; p &lt; 0.05). A mathematical method was found for predicting FAN with a decision rule Y ≥ 0.35, with a forecast efficiency of up to 90% when using a linear regression equation: Y = 0.0518 + 0.2983×A<sub>1</sub> + 0.2390 × A<sub>2</sub> + 0.4793×A<sub>3</sub> – 0.0037 × A<sub>4</sub> + 0.0002 × A<sub>5</sub>, where A<sub>1</sub> is CMP as the first allergic product (0 or 1), A<sub>2</sub> is rapid onset of reaction (0 or 1), A<sub>3</sub> is amino acid formulae use (0 or 1), A<sub>4</sub> is age of wheezing (in months), A<sub>5</sub> is eosinophils (cells/µl). <bold>Conclusions. </bold>Symptoms of AD and severe FA to CMP, requiring amino acid formulae introduction, should be considered as alarming anamnestic data for predicting possible FAN episodes, if the child has immediate type of FA, the mother’s pregnancy proceeded against the background of anemia, delivery was carried out operatively way and there are already children with atopic diseases in the family. The proposed mathematical method for predicting FAN makes it possible to determine probability of severe allergic reactions to food in children with an efficiency of up to 90%.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>В детском возрасте пищевая аллергия (ПА) — частая проблема. Пищевая анафилаксия (ПАН) может представлять угрозу для жизни. В связи с этим является обоснованным исследование клинико-анамнестических данных и факторов, способных влиять на формирование ПАН, для разработки математических моделей прогноза острых эпизодов ПА, включая ПАН. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — установить клинико-патогенетические факторы, способствующие формированию системных проявлений ПА у детей и разработать математический способ прогноза тяжелых системных реакций на пищу. <bold>Методы.</bold> В проспективное когортное открытое исследование было включено 76 детей (5,12 ± 3,74 года), страдающих персистирующей ПА с эпизодами ПАН в анамнезе. Группа сравнения — 134 ребенка (7,18 ± 2,52 года), имевших атопические заболевания, локальные проявления ПА, но без системных реакций на пищевые продукты. У пациентов были изучены анамнез болезни и жизни, наличие и тяжесть сопутствующих заболеваний, выполнены общеклинические иммунологические исследования (в сыворотке крови и ротовой полости), в том числе компонентная аллергодиагностика. <bold>Результаты.</bold> По результатам анализа клинико-анамнестических данных у 210 детей было рассчитано отношение шансов (OШ) формирования системных проявлений ПА, где рисками явились: кесарево сечение (ОШ 1,8; 95%-й ДИ [1,02; 3,01]; р &lt; 0,05), немедленные аллергические реакции на пищу (ОШ 3,3; 95%-й ДИ [1,47; 7,39]; р &lt; 0,05), анемия матери во время беременности (ОШ 3,5; 95%-й ДИ [1,83; 6,57]; р &lt; 0,05), аллергические заболевания у сибсов (ОШ 4,8; 95%-й ДИ [2,04; 11,18]; р &lt; 0,05), наличие атопического дерматита (ОШ 3,7; 95%-й ДИ [1,77; 7,68]; р &lt; 0,05), аллергия к белкам коровьего молока (ОШ 7,8; 95%-й ДИ [4,31; 14,24]; р &lt; 0,05), клиническая необходимость введения аминокислотных смесей (ОШ 100,8; 95%-й ДИ [13,37; 760,67]; р &lt; 0,05). Найден математический способ прогноза ПАН при решающем правиле Y ≥ 0,35, с эффективностью прогноза до 90% при применении линейного уравнения регрессии: Y = 0,0518 + 0,2983<bold>×</bold>А<sub>1</sub> + 0,2390<bold>×</bold>А<sub>2</sub> + 0,4793<bold>×</bold>А<sub>3</sub> – 0,0037<bold>×</bold>А<sub>4</sub> + 0,0002<bold>×</bold>А<sub>5</sub>, где А<sub>1</sub> — продукт первых проявлений — белки коровьего молока (0 или 1); А<sub>2</sub> — быстрое начало реакции (0 или 1); А<sub>3</sub> — потребность в назначении аминокислотной смеси (0 или 1); А<sub>4</sub> — возраст бронхиальной обструкции, в том числе свистящего дыхания (в месяцах); А<sub>5</sub> — эозинофилы (кл/мкл). <bold>Заключение. </bold>Симптомы атопического дерматита и немедленной ПА к белкам коровьего молока, требующие введения аминокислотной смеси у ребенка, в семье которого есть сибсы с аллергическими заболеваниями, а беременность матери протекала на фоне анемии и завершилась оперативным родоразрешением, следует рассматривать как настораживающие факторы в плане прогноза появления у пациента в дальнейшем симптомов ПАН. Предложенный математический способ прогноза ПАН позволяет с высокой эффективностью определять вероятность формирования тяжелых аллергических реакций на продукты питания у детей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food allergy</kwd><kwd>food anaphylaxis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute symptoms of food allergy</kwd><kwd>systemic reactions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевая аллергия</kwd><kwd>пищевая анафилаксия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острые симптомы пищевой аллергии</kwd><kwd>системные реакции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Muraro A, Worm М, Alviani С, et al. 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