Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciences0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC126810.15690/vramn1268Research ArticleRemodeling of the Heart of the Premature ChildKovtunO. P.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">MD, PhD, Professor</span></p>kovtun@usma.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351TsyvianP. B.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> MD, PhD, Professor</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>pavel.tsyvian@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-6329MarkovaT. V.<p>MD, PhD</p>
<p><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""> </span></span></p>ta.ma.vl@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-8494ChumarnayaT. V.<p>PhD in Biology</p>chumarnaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-2364Ural State Medical UniversityMother and Child Care Research InstituteInstitute of Immunology and Physiology Ural branch of Russian Academy of SciencesUral Federal University151220207566316372301202022122020Copyright © 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC2020<p><em>Epidemiological studies consistently have suggested an association between low birth weight and increased rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult life. Preterm birth, as one of the leading causes of the low birth weight, is associated with cardiovascular remodeling which consists of changes in heart chambers geometry and contraction-relaxation mode, ventricular hypertrophy, arterial wall structure and density changes. Several types of preterm birth are discussed: prematurity, associated with placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, preterm leaking of amniotic fluid, and twin pregnancy. DNA methylation process under the influence of epigenetic factors of the intrauterine and early postnatal development is suggested as a one of the main mechanism of cardiovascular remodeling in preterm infants. The other mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling are discussed in terms of the modern intrauterine programming concept. The early diagnostics and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in preterm born children are discussed. The treatment during prenatal and early postnatal periods as well as prevention of the remodeling causes could diminish and even reverse the development of the negative cardiovascular events and diseases in later life according to the so called concept of one thousand days opportunities window.</em></p>preterm birthfetal programmingcardiovascular diseasesdiagnostics and preventionпреждевременное рождениевнутриутробное программированиесердечно-сосудистые заболеваниядиагностика и профилактика[Barker DJ, Osmond C, Golding J, et al. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1989;298(6673):564–567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.298.6673.564][Godfrey KM, Barker DJ. Fetal nutrition and adult disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5):1344S–1352S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1344s][Crispi F, Bijnens B, Figueras F, et al. Fetal growth restriction results in remodeled and less efficient hearts in children. 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