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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1255</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1255</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A study of serum miRNA-122 in hepatitis C and associated hepatocellular carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование сывороточной микроРНК-122 при гепатите С и ассоциированной с ним гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-4747</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8547-6651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushchuk</surname><given-names>Nikolay D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ющук</surname><given-names>Николай Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>prof.uyshuk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4616</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5050-3112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malov</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>Сергей Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>LYNX2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-4618</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8302-3057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malov</surname><given-names>Igor V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>igmumalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1777-5449</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9628-8656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornichenko</surname><given-names>Viktoriya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворниченко</surname><given-names>Виктория Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>vv.dvornichenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-1459</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3520-6049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasulov</surname><given-names>Rodion I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расулов</surname><given-names>Родион Исмагилович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>gava2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8930-9340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marche</surname><given-names>Patrice N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марш</surname><given-names>Патрис Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="FR">France</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>patrice.marche@inserm.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Decaens</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Декан</surname><given-names>Тома</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="FR">France</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD department of hepatogastroenterology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор отделение гепатогастроэнтерологии </p></bio><email>tdecaens@chu-grenoble.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-5971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Macek-Jilkova</surname><given-names>Zuzana</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацек-Жилкова</surname><given-names>Зюзана</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="FR">France</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD department of hepatogastroenterology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор отделение гепатогастроэнтерологии </p></bio><email>zuzana.mjilkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7283</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1148-6958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanenko</surname><given-names>Liliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаненко</surname><given-names>Лилия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>steplia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-1983</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1956-2888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkov</surname><given-names>Oleg B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огарков</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н. </p></bio><email>obogarkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-6940</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7538-0290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Larisa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Лариса Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>orlovalarisas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования ― филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования ― филиал ФГБОУ ДПО&#13;
«Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center, University of Grenoble-Alpes</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт передовых биологических наук (IAB), Университет Гренобль Альпы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital Center of University of Grenoble-Alpes</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетский больничный центр Гренобль Альпы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2020-01-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>388</fpage><lpage>395</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-12-21"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1255">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1255</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The discovery of a cluster of short non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) has become an important event in molecular biology. One of its representatives, miR-122 plays a large role in regulating the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and iron metabolism in the body. In experimental studies it was shown that in addition to regulatory functions, miR-122 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C, providing the life cycle of the virus in the cell. The shift of emphasis in the study of miR-122 from basic research into clinical medicine seems to be a promising area of personalized medicine.</p> <p><bold>AIMS</bold>: to determine the clinical significance of miR-122 in acute and chronic hepatitis C and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: A total of 407 people were examined, including 17 patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC), 158 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 62 patients with HCC associated with hepatitis C. Comparison groups consisted of 84 healthy individuals and 62 patients with clinically pronounced cirrhosis of a non-infectious etiology. In each cohort, the relative miR-122 level was determined in the blood of patients. The analysis was performed in PCR using the Qubit microRNA Assay Kit -100 for the quantitative determination of microRNAs (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Relative miR-122 expression values were calculated by the formula 2 <sup>-</sup><sup>ΔΔ</sup><sup>CT</sup> using U6 snRNA as a reference RNA.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The highest miR-122 level in serum was found in patients with AHC at the height of the icteric period. The level of miR-122 showed a direct correlation with the activity of hepatic transaminases in patients with AHC (r = 0.72) and CHC (r = 0.44). An analysis of miR-122 level relative to the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C showed that, as liver fibrosis progresses, the level of miR-122 expression decreases. The decrease in miR-122 expression in patients with severe fibrosis was universal and did not depend on the etiology of the disease. The development of HCC in the presence of chronic hepatitis C was accompanied by a decrease in the level of miR-122 by 10 times on average compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: The determination of the expression level of miR-122 in serum can be used in laboratory monitoring of the management of patients with HC as an indicator of the severity of liver damage in AHC and the rate of formation of liver fibrosis in CHC. Evaluation of possibility of using miR-122 as a predictor of the development of HCC in the outcome of HC requires additional studies of the specificity and sensitivity of the test and comparison of the obtained data with the results of using generally accepted protein tumor markers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Открытие кластера коротких некодирующих РНК, получивших название микроРНК (miRNAs), стало важным событием в молекулярной биологии. Один из его представителей ― miR-122 ― играет большую роль в регуляции экспрессии генов, задействованных в углеводном, липидном обмене и метаболизме железа в организме. В экспериментальных исследованиях показано, что помимо регуляторных функций miR-122 участвует в патогенезе гепатита С, обеспечивая жизненный цикл вируса в клетке. Смещение акцентов в изучении miR-122 с фундаментальных исследований в русло клинической медицины представляется перспективным направлением персонализированной медицины.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― определить клиническое значение miR-122 при остром и хроническом течении гепатита С и ассоциированной с ним гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Всего было обследовано 407 человек, в том числе 17 больных острым гепатитом С, 158 ― хроническим гепатитом С и 62 ― гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой, ассоциированной с гепатитом С. Группы сравнения составили 84 практически здоровых человека и 62 больных с клинически выраженным циррозом печени неинфекционной этиологии. В каждой когорте в крови больных было проведено определение относительного уровня miR-122. Анализ осуществляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции с использованием набора реактивов Qubit microRNA Assay Kit-100 для количественного определения микроРНК (Thermo Fisher Scientific, США). Относительные значения экспрессии miR-122 были рассчитаны по формуле 2 <sup>-ΔΔCT</sup> с использованием U6 snRNA в качестве референсной РНК.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Наиболее высокий уровень miR-122 в плазме крови был обнаружен у больных острым гепатитом С в разгар желтушного периода. Уровень miR-122 в крови коррелировал с активностью печеночных трансаминаз у больных острым (r = 0,72) и хроническим (r = 0,44) гепатитом С. Анализ уровня miR-122 относительно степени фиброза печени у больных хроническим гепатитом С показал, что по мере прогрессирования фиброза печени снижается уровень экспрессии miR-122. Снижение экспрессии miR-122 у больных с выраженным фиброзом ― циррозом печени ― носило универсальный характер и не зависело от этиологии заболевания. Развитие гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы сопровождалось падением уровня miR-122 в среднем в 10 раз по сравнению с группой больных хроническим гепатитом С.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Определение уровня экспрессии miR-122 в крови может использоваться в лабораторном мониторинге ведения больных гепатитом С как показатель тяжести поражения печени при остром течении и скорости прогрессирования фиброза печени при хронических формах. Оценка возможности использования miR-122 в качестве предиктора развития гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы в исходе гепатита С требует проведения дополнительных исследований специфичности и чувствительности теста и сопоставления полученных данных с известными онкомаркерами протеиновой природы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>miR-122</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатит С</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>сывороточная miR-122</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Federal Targeted Research Program for Priority Directions with the participation of research organizations and universities as part of the Russian-French Kolberogorov Partnership Program of Hubert Curien (contract No. 14.616.21.0098; unique project identification number RFMEFI61618X0098).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Федеральной целевой программы проведения исследований по приоритетным направлениям с участием научно-исследовательских организаций и университетов в рамках российско-французской Партнерской программы Юбера Кюрьена «Колмогоров» (контракт № 14.616.21.0098; уникальный идентификационный номер проекта RFMEFI61618X0098).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. 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