Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC123810.15690/vramn1238INTERNAL DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙResearch ArticleModulation of instinal microbiom in the formation and progression of ulterative colitis.Модуляция интестинального микробиома в формировании и прогрессировании язвенного колитаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-91526103-6690BikbavovaG. R.БикбавоваГ. Р.
Russian Federation

MD, Associate Professor

к.м.н., доцент

galiya1976@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-70171961-4082LivzanM. A.ЛивзанМ. А.
Russian Federation

MD, Professor

д.м.н., профессор

mlivzan@yandex.ruOmsk State Medical UniversityОмский государственный медицинский университет151220207565775840611201908122020Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"2020"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1238

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis has been observed throughout the world. The purpose of this review is to generalize the available information on the influence of environmental factors and intestinal microbiome on the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis, the role of bacteria metabolism products in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studied literature, we came to the conclusion that lifestyle in the era of post-industrial society has a significant impact on the microbial composition of the intestine and leads to changes in its diversity in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The changes include a decrease in the number of residential flora with anti-inflammatory activity, which synthesize short-chain fatty acids, and an increase in the number of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Within the phylums Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the proportional ratio changes. The combination of aggression factors (deterioration of the intestinal microbiome composition, the presence of aggressive intestinal metabolites) leads to intestinal mucosa permeability disfunction, impairing its barrier function. Food and bacterial agents can penetrate deeper layers of the intestinal wall through mucosal defects, which then stimulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses.

Целью подготовки обзора является обобщение имеющейся информации о влиянии факторов окружающей среды и микробиома кишечника на возникновение и развитие язвенного колита, роли продуктов метаболизма бактерий в патогенезе этого заболевания. Изучив литературные источники, мы пришли к выводу, что образ жизни в эпоху постиндустриального общества оказывает существенное влияние на микробный пейзаж кишечника и приводит к изменению его разнообразия у больных, страдающих язвенным колитом, в частности к уменьшению числа резидентной флоры с противовоспалительной активностью, синтезирующих короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты, и увеличению числа условно-патогенных и патогенных микроорганизмов. Внутри филумов Firmicutes и Proteobacteria изменяется пропорциональное соотношение. Совокупность факторов агрессии (нарушения состава кишечного микробиома, наличия агрессивных кишечных метаболитов) приводит к нарушению проницаемости слизистой оболочки кишки, снижается ее барьерная функция. Через дефекты слизистой оболочки в более глубокие слои стенки кишки могут проникать пищевые и бактериальные агенты, которые затем стимулируют развитие воспалительных и иммунных реакций.

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