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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1204</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1204</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Thrombotic microangiopathy in cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тромботическая микроангиопатия у онкологических больных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-4633</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7538-2966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makatsariya</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макацария</surname><given-names>Александр Давидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>gemostasis@mail.ru</email><uri>https://internist.ru/lectors/detail/makatsariya-/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-1368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elalamy</surname><given-names>Ismail</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Элалами</surname><given-names>Исмаил</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University; MD, PhD, Professor of Hospitaux Universitares Tenon, Medical University Sorbonne</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Института здоровья детей Первого МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова; Профессор университетской клиники Тенон, медицинский факультет университета Сорбонны</p></bio><email>ismail.elalamy@aphp.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-9281</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5806-7062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>alvorobev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-5635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtina</surname><given-names>Angelina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтина</surname><given-names>Ангелина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student of pediatric faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка педиатрического факультета </p></bio><email>angelinabakhtina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8326-556X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meng</surname><given-names>Muyang</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мэн</surname><given-names>Муян</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctoral student of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Института здоровья детей </p></bio><email>mmy88888@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-1042</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5930-0859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bitsadze</surname><given-names>Victoria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бицадзе</surname><given-names>Виктория Омаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>vikabits@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-9686</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8225-4976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizroeva</surname><given-names>Jamilya Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хизроева</surname><given-names>Джамиля Хизриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>totu1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sorbonna University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Сорбонна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2019-11-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>332</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-12-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1204">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1204</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare phenomenon, which is severe pathology based on systemic microvascular thrombosis. TMA is characterized by thrombocytopenia and signs of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The review presents a modern data on the pathogenesis of tumor-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, considers the interaction of various effectors related to both tumor growth and metastasis process ― immune system activation, endotheliopathy formation, use of chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapy in the pathogenesis of various forms of TMA. The interaction between the tumor tissue, hemostasis and immune systems are of the type of cascade of mutual activation, thus leading to the formation of a vicious circle, resulting in damage to endothelium and thrombosis in the microcirculatory channel, that is, the development of TMA. The formation of thromboembolism, which includes tumor tissue in the microvessels of the lungs, contributes to the development of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM). Сancer patients have higher vWF levels and lower ADAMTS13 levels or/and activity than the general population, often also depending on the stage of cancer: vWF and ADAMTS13 have been shown to be associated with thrombotic complications in cancer patients, and ADAMTS13 shows prognostic potential. Increased expression of complement proteins and/or activation of complement during chemotherapy, infectious and inflammatory complications may also cause TMA development. Pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathy also is associated with numerous chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitomycin C, gemcitabine, cisplatin, carboplatin and Bevacizumab, an inhibitor of VEGF. This may be the result of both the direct toxic effect of the drug on endothelium and damage of it by immune complexes caused by expression of the VEGF-antibodies. Usage of number of chemotherapeutic agents, especially anti-VEGF and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which have a direct toxic effect on endothelium, are associated with the development of TMA. Mechanisms causing the development of TMA are considered as components of the hemostasis system, leading to the development of chronic, long-lasting disorders of the hemostasis system (chronic DIC syndrome) and are associated with high incidence of thrombotic complications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тромботическая микроангиопатия (ТМА) ― редкий феномен, тяжелейшая патология, в основе которой лежит системный тромбоз микрососудов. ТМА характеризуется тромбоцитопенией и наличием признаков микроангиопатической гемолитической анемии. В обзоре представлен современный взгляд на патогенез опухольассоциированной тромботической микроангиопатии, рассматриваются вопросы взаимодействия различных эффекторов, связанных с ростом и метастазированием опухоли (активация иммунной системы, формирование эндотелиопатии, применение химиотерапевтических агентов и таргетной терапии), в патогенезе различных форм ТМА. Взаимодействие между опухолевой тканью, системой гемостаза и иммунной системой происходит по типу каскада взаимной активации, тем самым приводя к формированию порочного круга, результатом чего являются повреждение эндотелия, провоспалительный статус и тромбозы в микроциркуляторном русле, т.е. развитие ТМА. Усиленная экспрессия белков комплемента и/или активация комплемента на фоне химиотерапии и инфекционно-воспалительных осложнений также могут спровоцировать развитие ТМА. Действия ряда химиотерапевтических агентов, особенно ингибиторов сосудисто-эндотелиального фактора роста и тирозинкиназы, оказывающих в том числе и прямое токсическое действие на эндотелий, связано с развитием ТМА. Механизмы, обусловливающие развитие ТМА, рассматриваются как компоненты системы гемостаза, ведущие к развитию хронических, долговременно существующих нарушений функции системы гемостаза (хронический ДВС-синдром), и связаны с высокой частотой тромботических осложнений. Механизмы реализации абсолютного или относительного дефицита ADAMTS13 остаются недостаточно изученными, так как клинические проявления возникают не у всех пациентов с дефицитом металлопротеиназы. Требуется дальнейшее изучение патогенеза ТМА у онкологических больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>hemostasis</kwd><kwd>ADAMTS13 protein</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромботическая микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>нарушения гемостаза</kwd><kwd>ADAMTS13</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Scully M, Hunt BJ, Benjamin S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombotic microangiopathies. Br J Haematol. 2012;158(3):323−335. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09167.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Moschowitz E. 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