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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1189</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of galectins 1 and 3 in the recruitment of eosinophilic granulocytes into tumor tissue in gastric and colon cancers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Галектины 1 и 3 в механизмах рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань при раке желудка и толстого кишечника</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7156-2471</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">N-8714-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3638-1577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolobovnikova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колобовникова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kolobovnikova.julia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-8879</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9696-4110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urazova</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уразова</surname><given-names>Ольга Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>urazova72@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-4533</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9665-5714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>vasiljeva-24@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-5743</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4339-2382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Microbiology and Virology Division</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший преподаватель кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии</p></bio><email>dissovet.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-3592</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5353-4230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komar</surname><given-names>Alexanra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комар</surname><given-names>Александра Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student of the Department of Fundamental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант кафедры фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>alexandkomar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-6910</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6703-3412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>Larisa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Лариса Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>larisalitvinova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2005-305X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9153-0459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletika</surname><given-names>Vadim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетика</surname><given-names>Вадим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student of the Pathophysiology Division</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант кафедры патофизиологии</p></bio><email>vpoletika@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-6154</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7536-2834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumakova</surname><given-names>Svetlana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумакова</surname><given-names>Светлана Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>chumakova_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-8370</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7160-6881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitsky</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкий</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>kaf.pat.fiziolog@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский государственный университет систем управления и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Baltic Federal University named after I. Kant</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2019-11-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>317</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-12-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1189">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1189</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Gastric and colon tumors are often associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue, the significance of which is still not entirely clear. The recruitment of eosinophils into the tissues can be in part regulated by galectins ― galactose-binding proteins which are expressed by a variety of tissues and are capable of exerting a broad range of effects.</p> <p><bold>Aims</bold>: To evaluate the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in tumor tissue, and gal-3 gene mRNA expression in blood eosinophils in patients with gastric and colon cancer with or without tissue eosinophilia.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: The study included a total of 107 patients (84 males and 23 females, average age 60,9 ± 6,8) with verified gastric cancer (52 persons) and colon cancer (55 persons), who underwent treatment or were registered at the dispensary at the regional medical institution “Tomsk Regional Oncology Center” (Tomsk, Russia). The control group consisted of 15 men and 11 women of comparable age. The materials of the research included samples of gastric and colon tumors obtained during surgery, and eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from whole blood by immunomagnetic separation. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in eosinophils was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples with Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons, and the Chi-square Pearson criterion with Yates correction.</p> <p> <bold>Results</bold>: In patients with gastric cancer and colon cancer, regardless of the presence of tissue eosinophilia, low expression of galectin-3 in the tumor tissue and high expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in peripheral blood eosinophils were found. Gastric and colon cancer patients with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue were characterized by low expression of galectin-1 within tumor cells (in 64.0% cases, χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.890, р = 0.029; and in 73.9% cases, χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.981, p = 0.031 respectively). There was a statistically significant connection between the level of galectin-1 expression by tumor cells and the presence of tissue eosinophilia both in gastric (φ = 0.307) and colon cancer (φ = 0.330).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Low expression of galectin 1 and 3 by tumor cells in gastric and colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia indicates the lack of a significant effect of these proteins on the process of recruiting eosinophilic granulocytes into tumor tissue. Increased expression of galectin-3 in blood eosinophils in gastric and colon cancer is not associated with the presence of eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. При раке желудка и толстого кишечника весьма часто обнаруживается эозинофильная инфильтрация опухолевой ткани, значение которой до сих пор неясно. В регуляции рекрутирования эозинофилов в ткань новообразования принимают участие галектины ― белки, экспрессируемые многими клетками и характеризующиеся широким спектром свойств.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― оценить экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани и м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофилах крови при раке желудка и толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией и без нее.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Обследованы 107 пациентов (84 мужчины и 23 женщины, средний возраст 60,9 ± 6,8 лет) с верифицированным диагнозом рака желудка (52 больных) и рака толстого кишечника (55 больных), которые проходили лечение в ОГАУЗ «Томский областной онкологический диспансер» (Томск). В группу контроля вошли 15 мужчин и 11 женщин сопоставимого возраста.</p> <p><bold>Материал исследования</bold>: эозинофильные гранулоциты, выделенные из цельной крови методом иммуномагнитной сепарации, и образцы опухолевой ткани желудка и толстого кишечника, полученные в ходе оперативного вмешательства. Экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани оценивали методом иммуногистохимии. Исследование экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах осуществляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с использованием обратной транскрипции. Для статистической обработки результатов применяли непараметрический U-критерий Манна−Уитни для независимых выборок с поправкой Бенджамини−Хохберга для множественного сравнения и критерий хи-квадрат Пирсона с поправкой Йейтса.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. У пациентов с раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника вне зависимости от наличия тканевой эозинофилии установлена низкая экспрессия галектина-3 в опухолевой ткани и, напротив, высокий уровень экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах периферической крови. У больных раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией зарегистрирована низкая экспрессия опухолевыми клетками галектина-1 (в 64,0% случаев, χ<sup>2</sup> = 4,890, р = 0,029, и в 73,9% случаев, χ<sup>2</sup> = 5,981, p = 0,031 соответственно). Показана ассоциация гипоэкспрессии галектина-1 с эозинофильной инфильтрацией злокачественных опухолей желудка (φ = 0,307) и толстого кишечника (φ = 0,330).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Дефицит экспрессии галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани при раке желудка и толстого кишечника, сопровождающийся тканевой эозинофилией, свидетельствует об отсутствии значимого влияния данных белков на процесс рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань. Повышенный уровень экспрессии галектина-3 эозинофилами крови при злокачественных опухолях желудка и толстого кишечника не зависит от наличия эозинофильной инфильтрации опухолевой ткани.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eosinophils</kwd><kwd>galectin</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>stomach</kwd><kwd>colon</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эозинофилы</kwd><kwd>галектины</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>желудок</kwd><kwd>толстый кишечник</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Совет по грантам Президента Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Совет по грантам Президента Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Grants Council of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists (MD-2788.2019.7) and leading scientific schools (NSh-2690.2018.7) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (agreement No. 18-015-00160 / 19 )</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Совета по грантам Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых (МД-2788.2019.7) и ведущих научных школ (НШ-2690.2018.7) и Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (договор № 18-015-00160/19).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jain M, Kasetty S, Sudheendra US, et al. 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