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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1176</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Endocrine ophthalmopathy: pharmacogenetic markers of efficiency of glucocorticoid therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эндокринная офтальмопатия: фармакогенетические маркеры эффективности глюкокортикостероидной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-1216</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3894-6802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olya_toropova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-1642</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7973-6793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brovkina</surname><given-names>Alevtina F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бровкина</surname><given-names>Алевтина Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор,академик РАН</p></bio><email>anab@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4525-7556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор РАН, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><email>rmapo@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>250</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-08-23"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-08-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1176">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1176</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pathological process of endocrine ophthalmopathy is based on damage to the soft tissues of the orbit against the background of impaired thyroid function and even its euthyroid state. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of clinical symptoms of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) are based on morphological changes in extraocular muscles (EOM) and orbital tissue: cellular tissue infiltration by representatives of the immune system (T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, mast and plasma cells), with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibroblasts and glycosaminoglycans, contributing to an increase in the contents of the orbit in volume with the development of exophthalmos and tissue fibrosis at the end of the inflammatory process. Glucocorticoids are the “gold standard” for the pathogenetic treatment of patients with clinical forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy: edematous exophthalmos and endocrine myopathy. The properties of drugs of this group are such that they can be used to suppress all stages of inflammation in the orbital tissues, preventing the progression of the disease. Despite the many years of experience in applying various glucocorticoid therapy techniques, to date there are no uniform criteria for the effectiveness of this treatment in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy. The article presents the features of glucocorticoid therapy of endocrine ophthalmopathy, as well as literature data, on the basis of which attempts have been made to explain the causes of glucocorticoid resistance taking into account the pharmacogenetic profile.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В основе патологического процесса эндокринной офтальмопатии лежит повреждение мягких тканей орбиты на фоне нарушения функции щитовидной железы и даже ее эутиреоидного состояния, приводящих к морфологическим изменениям экстраокулярных мышц и орбитальной клетчатки — клеточной инфильтрации тканей T- и В-лимфоцитами, макрофагами, тучными и плазматическими клетками с выработкой провоспалительных цитокинов, фибробластов и гликозаминогликанов, способствующих увеличению содержимого орбиты в объеме с развитием экзофтальма и фиброза тканей в исходе воспалительного процесса. Глюкокортикостероиды являются «золотым стандартом» патогенетического лечения больных таких клинических форм эндокринной офтальмопатии, как отечный экзофтальм и эндокринная миопатия. Свойства препаратов данной группы таковы, что их можно использовать для подавления всех стадий воспаления в орбитальных тканях, предотвращая прогрессирование заболевания. Несмотря на имеющийся многолетний опыт применения различных методик глюкокортикостероидной терапии, на сегодняшний день не существует единых критериев эффективности данного лечения у больных эндокринной офтальмопатией. В статье представлены особенности глюкокортикостероидной терапии эндокринной офтальмопатии, а также данные литературы, на основании которых предприняты попытки объяснения причин резистентности к глюкокортикостероидам с учетом фармакогенетического профиля.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endocrine ophthalmopathy</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid therapy</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>cytochrome P450 system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндокринная офтальмопатия</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоидная терапия</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм гена глюкокортикоидного рецептора</kwd><kwd>система цитохрома P450</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-315-90038</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бровкина А.Ф., Стоюхина А.С. 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