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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1163</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHTHISIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФТИЗИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">New technologies for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новые технологии диагностики лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-9275</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8372-1666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ergeshov</surname><given-names>Atadzhan E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эргешов</surname><given-names>Атаджан Эргешович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>cniit@ctri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-7549</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2267-8867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernousova</surname><given-names>Larisa N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноусова</surname><given-names>Лариса Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>lchernousova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-942X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4775-1459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreevskaya</surname><given-names>Sofya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреевская</surname><given-names>Софья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>andsofia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Tuberculosis Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>413</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-12-21"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1163">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1163</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global challenge that has a potential to have a negative impact on the global TB situation. Rapid TB diagnosis and early initiation of effective treatment based on the individualized chemotherapy regimens underpin efforts in prevention of further spread of tuberculosis. Microbiological methods of TB diagnosis that provide evidence of the TB process etiology and identify drug susceptibility of the pathogen play a very important role. The review covers the current and emerging methods of the microbiological TB diagnosis including conventional microbiological (microscopy of diagnostic material, cultural studies on solid media and culture fluids) and modern molecular genetic tests (DNA strips, biological microchips, multiplex PCR, GeneXpert and diagnostic systems of the new generation and point-of-care tests) and demonstrates the role of the described methods in the diagnostic TB laboratory algorithm. The example of the Microbiology Department of the Central TB Research Institute illustrates the effectiveness of modern developments in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis and their impact on improving treatment success in the clinical departments of the CTRI. The review presents further prospects of drug-resistant TB diagnosis in relation to the new technologies such as Next Generation Sequencing. The conclusion summarizes information on the current state of microbiological diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis and emphasizes the importance of developing and introducing new technologies into the diagnostic process.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Широкое распространение лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза является общемировой проблемой и способно негативно повлиять на ситуацию по туберкулезу в глобальном масштабе. Быстрая диагностика заболевания и раннее начало эффективного лечения, основанного на подборе персонализированных режимов химиотерапии, лежат в основе предотвращения распространения туберкулеза. Особое значение для диагностики туберкулеза имеют микробиологические методы, которые позволяют обосновать этиологию процесса и определить лекарственную чувствительность возбудителя. В обзоре рассматриваются актуальные и разрабатываемые методы микробиологической диагностики туберкулеза, включая классические микробиологические (микроскопия диагностического материала; культуральные исследования на плотных и жидких питательных средах) и современные молекулярно-генетические (ДНК-стрипы; биологические микрочипы; мультиплексная ПЦР; GeneXpert и другие тесты. Оценивается место описанных методов в диагностическом алгоритме лабораторий фтизиатрического профиля. На примере работы отдела микробиологии Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза (ЦНИИТ) иллюстрируется эффективность применения современных разработок в диагностике лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза и их влияние на улучшение терапии в клинических отделениях. Рассматриваются дальнейшие перспективы диагностики лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза, связанные с внедрением новейших технологий. В заключение обобщена информация о современном состоянии микробиологической диагностики лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза, подчеркивается важность разработки и внедрения в диагностический процесс новейших технологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>diagnosis by culture</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic methods</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микобактерии туберкулеза</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>культуральная диагностика</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические методы</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Federal Target Program “Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014–2020”, agreement No. 05.586.21.0065 (Unique identifier of the agreement RFMEFI58619X0065).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Федеральной целевой программы «Исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям развития научно-технологического комплекса России на 2014−2020 годы», соглашение № 05.586.21.0065 (Уникальный идентификатор соглашения RFMEFI58619X0065).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Нечаева О.Б. 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