Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciences0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC110910.15690/vramn1109Research ArticleData analysis of a pilot screening program for the early detection of esophageal and gastric cancers: retrospective studySmailovaDariga S.<p>MD</p>dari190490@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-7104IbrayevSerik E.<p>MD, PhD, Professor</p>serik_ibraev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-3042MuzafarovSatybaldy N.ms_nuh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-6930SamarovaUmutzhan S.<p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor</p>samarova58@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-7115KhismetovaZaituna A.<p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor</p>zaituna.khismietova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-3045RakhimzhanovaFarida S.<p>MD, PhD, Associate Professor</p>fa66rida@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-2167FabbroElisa<p>PhD</p>elisa.fabbro@uniud.ithttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-4297Semey Medical UniversityMedical University AstanaPavlodar branch of Semey Medical UniversityUniversity of Udine211220197464054121603201912112019Copyright © 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC2019<p><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: According to the WHO, in 2018 stomach cancer was the fifth and esophageal cancer seventh most common cancer in the world. In 2011 the National Screening Program for the Early Detection of Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer was introduced in Kazakhstan. In 2013 a pilot screening program for the early detection of esophageal and stomach cancers was introduced in Kazakhstan in some regions where there is a low detectability.</p>
<p><strong>AIM</strong>: Determination of the main causes of low detection of esophageal and stomach cancers in the framework of a pilot screening program in Pavlodar region (Kazakhstan).</p>
<p><strong>METHODS</strong>: According to the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan<strong>,</strong> the target group for screening to detect esophageal and stomach cancers was men and women at the aged of 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 who were not registered as a cancer patient. A retrospective analysis was carried out according to the newly diagnosed cases of esophageal and stomach cancers in Pavlodar region for 20132017. All cases of esophageal and stomach cancers were analyzed to determine the proportion of new cases detected as part of a pilot screening program.</p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong>: 1114 new cases of esophageal and stomach cancers are registered from 2013 to 2017 in Pavlodar region. According to the data in Pavlodar region the average age of newly diagnosed patients with esophageal and stomach cancers was 66 years, M = 65.92 (95 % CI: 65.2466.59) SD = 11.495. During pilot screening program, 135 042 participants were examined; various pathological processes of the esophageal and stomach cancers were detected among 1678 patients, including 97 cancer cases. The detectability of esophageal and stomach cancers from the total number of participants was 0.07 %. Out of 1114 all registered new cases of esophageal and stomach cancers, only 97 new diagnosed cases detected as part of a pilot screening program, reaching 8.7 %, which is considered low.</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: The main reasons for low detection are administrative barriers. The main barrier of the pilot screening program was the selection of the target group at the age of 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 years old only. Therefore, 15.5 % of newly diagnosed cases of esophageal and stomach cancers were missed due to existing intervals. The second barrier was the use of endoscopes which did not support the function of photo and video archiving of the conducted procedures.</p>screeningesophageal cancerstomach cancerearly detectionскрининграк пищеводарак желудкаранняя выявляемость[Zakko L, Lutzke L, Wang KK. Screening and preventive strategies in esophagogastric cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2017;26(2):163–178. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.10.004.][Sohda M, Kuwano H. Current status and future prospects for esophageal cancer treatment. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;23(1):1−11. doi: 10.5761/atcs.ra.16-00162.][Crew KD, Neugut AI. Epidemiology of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(3):354–362. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i3.354.][Zhang Y. Epidemiology of esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(34):5598−5606. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598.][World Cancer Research Fund. Stomach cancer statistics. [cited 2019 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-trends/stomach-cancer-statistics.][World Cancer Research Fund. Oesophageal cancer statistics. Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. [cited 2019 Jan 13]. Available from: https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-trends/oesophageal-cancer-statistics.][Kim JA, Shah PM. Screening and prevention strategies and endoscopic management of early esophageal cancer. Chinese Clin Oncol. 2017;6(5):50. doi: 10.21037/cco.2017.09.05.][Pakzad R, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Khosravi B, et al. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and their relationship to development in Asia. Ann Transl Med. 2016;4(2):29. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.11.][Mao WM, Zheng WH, Ling ZQ. Epidemiologic risk factors for esophageal cancer development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(10):2461−2466.][Yusefi AR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Bastani P, et al. Risk factors for gastric cancer: a systematic review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(3):591–603. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.591.][José M, Arnal D, Ferrández Arenas Á, et al. Esophageal cancer: risk factors, screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(26):7933−7943. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7933.][Son Choi K, Kwan Jun J, Park EC, et al. Performance of different gastric cancer screening methods in Korea: a population-based study. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50041. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050041.][Chen Q, Yu L, Hao C, et al. Effectiveness evaluation of organized screening for esophageal cancer: a case-control study in Linzhou city, China. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35707. doi: 10.1038/srep35707.][Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, et al. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(5):700–713. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1057.][Краткое описание информационных систем [интернет]. [Kratkoe opisanie informacionnyh system [Internet]. (In Russ).] Досупно по: http://ezdrav.kz/posetitelyam/kratkoe-opisanie-informatsionnykh-sistem. Ссылка активна на 18.05.2019.][Мусина Д.С., Рахимжанова Ф.С., Ибраев С.Е., и др. Профессиональная компетентность специалистов ПМСП по вопросам Национальной скрининговой программы // Вестник КазНМУ. ― 2018. ― №1. ― С. 394−398. [Musina DS, Rahimzhanova FS, Ibraev SE, et al. Professional competence of primary healtcare specialists on National screening programs. Vestnik KazNMU. 2018;(1):394−398. (In Russ).]][Приказ и.о. Министра здравоохранения Республики Казахстан № 685 от 10 ноября 2009 г. «Об утверждении Правил проведения профилактических медицинских осмотров целевых групп населения» (с изменениями от 16.03.2011). [Order of the acting Minister of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 685 ″Ob utverzhdenii Pravil provedeniya profilakticheskikh meditsinskikh osmotrov tselevykh grupp naseleniya″ (s izmeneniyami ot 16.03.2011); dated 2009 November 10. (In Russ).] Доступно по: https://studfile.net/preview/3992165/. Ссылка активна на 18.05.2019.][Caicoya M. Prostate cancer screening in Europe. Lancet. 2015;385(9977):1477−1590. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60748-6.][Ro TH, Mathew MA, Misra S. Value of screening endoscopy in evaluation of esophageal, gastric and colon cancers. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(33):9693−9706. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9693.][Yeh JM, Hur C, Kuntz KM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of treatment and endoscopic surveillance of precancerous lesions to prevent gastric cancer. Cancer. 2010;116(12):2941–2953. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25030.][Choi KS, Suh M. Screening for gastric cancer: the usefulness of endoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2014;47(6):490−496. doi: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.6.490.]