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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn1075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПСИХОЛОГИИ И ПСИХИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Cyp2d6 Gene Polymorphism on the Efficacy and Safety of Mirtazapine in Patients with Depressive Disorders Comorbid with Alcohol</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние полиморфизма CYP2D6*4 на профиль эффективности и безопасности миртазапина у пациентов с депрессивным расстройством, коморбидным с алкогольной зависимостью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-4812</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5681-4767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zastrozhin</surname><given-names>Mikhail S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Застрожин</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p> <p> </p></bio><email>mszastrozhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-6682</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4171-3871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Валерий Валериевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p> <p> </p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат фармацевтических наук</p> <p> </p></bio><email>vvsmirnov@gmal.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-8252</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5874-3924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>assorokin@gmal.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-8266</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3357-3591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p> <p> </p></bio><email>eagrishina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8520</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2604-1922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikova</surname><given-names>Kristina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжикова</surname><given-names>Кристина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karyzhikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2261-1516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipitsyn</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипицын</surname><given-names>Валерий Валериевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>vvshiptsyn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-3494</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6638-6651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>Ludmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p> <p> </p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, профессор</p> <p> </p></bio><email>lmsavchenko@gmai.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2747-6209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buzik</surname><given-names>Oleg Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бузик</surname><given-names>Олег Жанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, assistant professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p> <p> </p> <p> </p></bio><email>ozhbuzik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2747-6209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koporov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копоров</surname><given-names>Сергей Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p> <p> </p></bio><email>sgkoporov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-9732</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6736-7656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryun</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюн</surname><given-names>Евгений Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p> <p> </p></bio><email>eabryn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4525-7556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p> <p> </p></bio><email>dasychev@gmai.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Research and Practical Centre for Narcology of the Department of Public Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический центр наркологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center-Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гематологический научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-07-27"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1075">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Alcohol dependence is often combined with affective disorders, in particular, depressive disorder, which adversely affects the prognosis of the course of both diseases. For the treatment of a depressive disorder, drugs from the group of tetracyclic antidepressants, of which mirtazapine is a representative, are used. Therapy with mirtazapine is associated with the risk of undesirable drug reactions and pharmacoresistance.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>: To study the effect of CYPD6 isoenzyme activity on the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine therapy in patients with depressive disorders comorbid with alcoholism.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold>: The study was conducted on 109 Russian patients with a depressive disorder, comorbid with alcohol dependence. For the correction of depressive disorders within the framework of cyclothymia, mirtazapine was prescribed to patients at a dosage of 15−45 mg/day. CYP2D6*4 genotyping (1846G&gt; A, rs3892097) was carried out using Real-time polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific hybridization. Efficacy and safety were assessed using validated psychometric scales and an assessment of the severity of adverse drug reactions.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>: By the 9th day of the study, the severity of depressive symptoms on the HAMD scale was significantly different in patients with different genotypes: (GG) 7.0 [6.0; 8.0], (GA) 4.0 [3.8; 5.0] (p&lt;0.001), safety indicator, estimated on a UKU scale: (GG) 3.0 [3.0; 3.0], (GA) 4.0 [4.0; 5.0] (p&lt;0.001). The presence of differences persisted on the 16th day: (GG) 5.0 [3.0; 6.0], (GA) 1.5 [0.8; 3.2] (p&lt;0.001), safety indicator, estimated on a UKU scale: (GG) 6.0 [6.0; 7.0], (GA) 8.5 [8.0; 10.0] (p&lt;0.001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: In this study, the effect of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism on the efficacy and safety of therapy with mirtazapine was demonstrated. Carrying a minor allele A is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions, but improving performance profile performance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Аффективные расстройства, в частности депрессивные расстройства, часто коморбидно сочетаются с алкогольной зависимостью, что негативно сказывается на прогнозе течения обоих заболеваний. Для лечения депрессивного расстройства используют лекарственные средства из группы тетрациклических антидепрессантов, представителем которого является миртазапин. Терапия миртазапином сопряжена с риском развития нежелательных лекарственных реакций и фармакорезистентности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― оценить влияние полиморфного маркера CYPD6*4 на профиль эффективности и безопасности терапии миртазапином у пациентов с депрессивным расстройством, коморбидным с алкоголизмом.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Исследование проведено на 109 русских пациентах с депрессивным расстройством, коморбидным с алкогольной зависимостью. Пациентам с целью коррекции депрессивных расстройств в рамках циклотимии был назначен миртазапин в дозировке 15−45 мг/сут. Генотипирование CYP2D6*4 (1846G&gt;A, rs3892097) осуществлялось методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с аллельспецифической гибридизацией. Эффективность и безопасность оценивали с помощью валидизированных психометрических шкал и шкалы оценки выраженности нежелательных лекарственных реакций.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. К 9-му дню исследования выраженность депрессивной симптоматики по шкале HAMD статистически значимо отличалась у пациентов с разными генотипами: (GG) 7,0 [6,0; 8,0], (GA) 4,0 [3,8; 5,0] (p&lt;0,001), показатель безопасности, оцененный по шкале UKU: (GG) 3,0 [3,0; 3,0], (GA) 4,0 [4,0; 5,0] (p&lt;0,001). Наличие различий сохранялось и на 16-й день: (GG) 5,0 [3,0; 6,0], (GA) 1,5 [0,8; 3,2] (p&lt;0,001), показатель безопасности, оцененный по шкале UKU: (GG) 6,0 [6,0; 7,0], (GA) 8,5 [8,0; 10,0] (p&lt;0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. По результатам исследования было продемонстрировано влияние полиморфного маркера CYP2D6*4 на профиль эффективности и безопасности терапии миртазапином. Носительство минорного аллеля A сопряжено с повышенным риском развития нежелательных лекарственных реакций, но улучшением показателей профиля эффективности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>mirtazapine</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>CYP2D6</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>миртазапин</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>CYP2D6</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 18-75-10073).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 18-75-10073).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zanger UM, Raimundo S, Eichelbaum M. Cytochrome P450 2D6: overview and update on pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry. 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