MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN RETIRED AND ACTIVE ELITE ATHLETES

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Abstract

Regular physical activity over a long period of time increases the output of the cardiovascular system. That leads to development of a normal
(physiological) athlete’s heart. Bradycardia, cardiac hypertrophy, and arterial hypotension are three major characteristics of a normal athlete’s heart. Changes in parameters of cardiovascular system and features of heart remodeling are determined by type, frequency, and duration of a physical activity. Excessive levels of physical activity could result in development of a pathologic athlete’s heart, negatively affect hearts metabolism, and increase the risk of both atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Autopsy studies have shown that atherosclerosis, which leads to development of an ischemic heart disease, is often found in both young and elderly athletes. 56% of sudden deaths in all athletes were due to cardiovascular problems. Reports of ischemic heart disease in athletes of all ages have increased over the past few years. Echocardiographic features and clinical outcomes of stable angina and myocardial infarction in retired professional athletes are not well studied. Further studies are needed to improve diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation in elite athletes with ischemic heart disease.

About the authors

E. E. Achkasov

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Scientific Center of Biomedical Technology, Moscow region

Author for correspondence.
Email: 2215.g23@rambler.ru
PhD, Head of the Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, leading research scientist of the Laboratory of Sports Biomedicine and Extreme states of Research Center of Biomedical Technologies Russian Federation

E. V. Mashkovskii

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation

Email: emash@me.com
postgraduate of the Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Address: 8, Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, RF, 119991; tel.: +7 (499) 248-03-40 Russian Federation

O. T. Bogova

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow

Email: emash@me.com
PhD, assistant professor of the Department of Clinical geriatrics and Medicosocial Study of RMAPE Russian Federation

Sheryl Wulkan

Morristown Hospital, New Jersey

Email: Sherry.Wulkan@gmail.com
PhD, Chairman of the Medical Committee of the North American Association of Boxing Commissions, Head of the Educational Program «Medicine combat sports» of Morristown Hospital, Chief Physician at Mixed Martial Arts and Muay Thai Sports College of New Jersey United States

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