GENOMIC INSTABILITY IN THE BRAIN: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND NEW BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

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Abstract

The latest advances in molecular medicine, medical genetics and neurobiology have provided for a new look at processes occurring in cells of the brain and have allowed to discover previously unknown phenomena associated with mental traits and to propose new biomedical direction which include genomics, psychiatry and neurobiology ― brain genomics. The application of modern molecular and cellular technologies of genome analysis in the brain in common psychiatric disorders (autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease) has shown that genomic instability is a phathogenetic mechanism of central nervous system abnormalities and plays a role in the brain development. Genomic disbalance alters neural homeostasis leads to cell death and is an important biological marker of psychiatric disorders which determine genomic pathways. These alterations lead to synaptic disfunction and neurodegeneration. In the present review, the main advances of brain genomics and potential application in diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic practice.

 

About the authors

A. S. Tiganov

Research Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow

Author for correspondence.
Email: ncpz@ncpz.ru
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАМН, директор ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 Тел.: (499) 617-8147 Russian Federation

Yu. B. Yurov

Research Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow

Email: y_yurov@yahoo.com
профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией цитогенетики и гено- мики психических заболеваний ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 Russian Federation

S. G. Vorsanova

Research Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgey, Moscow

Email: svorsanova@mail.ru
профессор, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной цитогенетики нервно- психических болезней ФБГУ «Московский НИИ педиатрии и детской хирургии» Минздравсоцразвития России Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 Russian Federation

I.Y Yu. Yurov

Research Center of Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow

Email: ivan.iourov@gmail.ru
доктор биологических наук, исполняющий обязанности заведующего лабораторией молеку- лярной генетики мозга ФГБУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАМН Адрес: 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 Russian Federation

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